Migration of insect pests and natural enemies and its ecological significance

害虫、天敌的迁徙及其生态意义

• 批准号: 61480048
• 负责人: NAKASUJI Fusao
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-61480048/
• 关键词: insect; migration; dispersal; wing polymorphism; genetic mechanism; magnetic orientation of flight direction; seasonal polymorphism; 寄主転換; マイグレイショントラップ; ウンカ類; 遺伝的機構; カタビロアメンボ類; 変動環境; 安定環境

Recent researches on insect migration and dispersal were critically reviewed and significance of the migration and dispersal was discussed with special reference to evolutionary aduptation of insects. Some migratory insects have the wing polymorphism. The winged or macropterous form plays a role of the migrant specialist and apterous or brachypterous form does the sedentary and reproductive specialist. Generally the former has a lower reproductive potential than the latter. The comparison of the intrinsic rate of increase between the two forms showed that the diffecence in the reproductive rate of the phase polymorphic species was less than that of the seasonal polymorphic species. The factors influencing the wing polymorphism were studied for rice planthoppers and veriid water striders, Microvelia spp. Genetic mechanism operated in the determination of wing polymorphism as well as the environmental factors like population density for both insect groups. Flight activity and biotic perf … More ormances of adults in relation to the migratory traits were investigated for the migrant skipper, Parnara guttata. Flight activity of the adults of the overwintered and the 2nd generations was higher than that of the lst teneration. Hether or not the skipper uses the earth magnetism for the orientation of the flight direction was examined. However, the hypothesis was not supported in the present experiment. Intergenerational changes in egg size of the migrant skipper P. guttata suggest that a parallel evolution probably occurs between egg size of skipper and leaf toughness of host grasses. The hypothesis was supported by the correlation analysis of the actual data. The green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp. are non-polymorphic but disperse in the density-dependent manner. The sensitivity of 4 species to the density was measured in terms of the reduction of reproductive rate as increase of the density. The temperate species, N. cincticeps was more sensitive than the three other tropical species. Less

综述了近年来昆虫迁徙和扩散的研究进展，讨论了昆虫迁徙和扩散的意义，并特别提到了昆虫的进化适应。一些迁徙昆虫具有翅膀多态性。有翼或大翼类动物扮演迁徙专家的角色，无翼或短翼类动物扮演久坐和繁殖专家的角色。一般来说，前者的生殖潜力比后者低。两种形态内在增长率的比较表明，相态种的繁殖率差异小于季节态种。研究了水稻飞虱和水黾翅膀多态性的影响因素，探讨了遗传机制以及种群密度等环境因素对翅膀多态性的影响。对古塔帕纳拉（Parnara guttata）的飞行活动和生物性能进行了研究。越冬和二代成虫的飞行活跃度高于一代。考察了驾驶员是否利用地磁来确定飞行方向。然而，这一假设在本实验中并未得到支持。古塔塔（P. guttata）卵大小的代际变化表明，古塔塔塔的卵大小与寄主禾草的叶片韧性之间可能存在平行进化。实际数据的相关分析支持了假设。绿叶蝉（Nephotettix spp.）是非多态的，但以密度依赖的方式分散。测定了4种昆虫的繁殖率随密度的增加而降低的敏感性。温带种中，栉水母（N. cinticeps）的敏感性高于其他三种热带物种。少

项目成果

中筋房夫 他: "「蝶類学の最近の進歩」(チョウノ移動と近代的適応)" 日本鱗翅学会特別報告, (1988)

Fusao Nakasuji 等人：“蝴蝶生物学的最新进展（迁徙和现代适应）”日本鳞翅目学会特别报告，（1988 年）

Valle, R. R., F. Nakasuji & E. Kuno: "Effects of crowding on life histrory parameters of four green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp. (Homoptera: Cicadelidae)" Research on Population Ecology. 29. 196-203 (1987)

Valle, R. R., F. Nakasuji

Nakasuji, F.: "Egg size of skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in relation to their host specificity and to leaf toughness of host plants" Ecological Research. 2. 175-183 (1987)

Nakasuji, F.：“船长（鳞翅目：Hesperiidae）的卵大小与其宿主特异性和宿主植物叶子韧性的关系”生态研究。

Valle, R. R. ;F. Nakasuji & E. Kuno: Researches on Poprlation Ecology. 29. 195-203 (1987)

瓦莱，R.R.；F.

Gyotoku, H., K. Ito and F. Nakasuji: "Monitoring of lepidopterous insect migrations using the migration trap (In Japanese with English summary)" Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology. 31. 350-358 (1987)

Gyotoku, H.、K. Ito 和 F. Nakasuji：“使用迁移陷阱监测鳞翅目昆虫迁徙（日文和英文摘要）”《日本应用昆虫学和动物学杂志》。