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PHYTOALEXIN ELICITORS AS INDUCERS OF MEDICINAL CONSTITUENTS IN SOME PLANT CELL CULTURES.

植物抗毒素诱导剂作为某些植物细胞培养物中药用成分的诱导剂。

基本信息

批准号：
63470125
负责人：
EBIZUKA Yutaka
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63470125/
关键词：
Medicinal plants Cell cultures Phytoalexin Elicitor Cell Wall Isoflavone glycosides Pueraria lobata Ephedra distachya 薬用植物培養細胞エリシター Pueraria lobata

项目摘要

Cell wall fragment of phytopathogenic fungi or plants acts as a signal molecule and induces biosynthesis of phytoalexins at transduction level. Phytoalexins are produced in large quantities by plants only when they are infected by pathogens. Structure of phytoalexins diverses but usually possesses the same skeleton as normal metabolites. In other words phytoalexins share most of their biosynthetic routes with normal metabolites. These facts suggest that the addition of elicitors to the plant cell cultures might increase the production of useful metabolites which can not be achieved under normal culture conditions. In this study, effects of various elicitors on the production of medicinal constituents in cell cultures of Pueraria lobata and Ephedra distachya were investigated. Cell cultures of Pueraria lobata produce daidzein and its glycosides under normal conditions. Addition of the glycoprotein fraction of Phytophthora megasperma increased the production of daidzein and its glycoside … More s by 5 to 7 folds, and induced the biosynthesis of pterocarpan phytoalexin tuberosin in large amounts. On the contrary, the glucan fraction of the same fungi which has been claimed to be the most active elicitor in many Leguminous plants showed almost no effects indicating that even the plants belonging to the same family respond differently to the same elicitor. Yeast extract and cell wall fragments of Pueraria lobata released by pectinase showed the similar effects and increased the production of isoflavonoids through activation of biosynthetic enzymes. Production of three different types of daidzein dimer were induced by these elicitors. Considering that yeast has been used as foods and or food additives and its availability, yeast extract has great advantages over other elicitors in industrial applications. Some elicitors of different origin were tested for their activation effects on the biosynthesis of ephedra bases in cell cultures of E. distachya. No significant increase of alkaloid production was observed though unidentified yellow pigment was induced with yeast extract. Lack of antibiotic activity of ephedra bases might account for this observations. Less

植物病原真菌或植物的细胞壁片段作为信号分子，在转导水平上诱导植物抗毒素的生物合成。植物抗毒素只有在受到病原体感染时才大量产生。植物抗毒素的结构多种多样，但通常具有与正常代谢物相同的骨架。换句话说，植物抗毒素与正常代谢物共享其大部分生物合成途径。这些事实表明，在植物细胞培养物中加入诱导子可能会增加在正常培养条件下不能实现的有用代谢产物的产生。本文研究了不同诱导子对野葛和二穗麻黄细胞培养中药用成分产生的影响。在正常条件下，野葛细胞培养产生大豆苷元及其苷。添加大籽疫霉糖蛋白组分可提高大豆苷元及其糖苷的产量 ...更多信息 s提高5 ~ 7倍，并诱导大量紫檀类植物抗毒素tuberosin的生物合成。相反，在许多豆科植物中被认为是最活跃的激发子的相同真菌的葡聚糖部分几乎没有显示出任何作用，这表明即使属于同一科的植物对相同的激发子的反应也不同。酵母提取物和果胶酶解的野葛细胞壁碎片具有相似的作用，通过激活生物合成酶而提高了葛根素的产量。这些诱导子诱导三种不同类型的大豆苷元二聚体的产生。考虑到酵母已被用作食品和/或食品添加剂及其可用性，酵母提取物在工业应用中具有比其他诱导剂更大的优势。本文研究了不同来源的诱导子对大肠杆菌细胞培养物中的Escherichia碱生物合成的激活作用。二轴叶虽然用酵母提取物诱导未鉴定的黄色色素，但没有观察到生物碱产量的显着增加。缺乏抗生素活性的Escherichia碱可能解释了这一观察结果。少