Study on genetic monitoring for closed colonies of mice and rats.

测定了在生物医学研究中广泛使用的小鼠和大鼠的封闭群体中的表型和基因频率。结果，在所有菌落中观察到遗传多态性。在小鼠中，具有不同来源的Swiss和Deutch集落显示出相似的基因型，但是在非Swiss和Deutch小鼠的基因型之间以及非Swiss和Swiss的基因型之间观察到差异。在大鼠中，从不同设施获得的三个Wistar群体显示出彼此不同的基因频率，它们在几个位点上具有不同类型的等位基因。通过统计分析获得的结果表明，20世纪40年代从美国引进的Wistar种群中的一个品系与其他两个品系在遗传上不同，并且Donryu品系与Wistar和SD不同。对两个小鼠和一个大鼠种群进行了三次遗传监测。每个群体三次显示几乎相同的基因频率。本文提出了一种封闭群小鼠和大鼠的遗传监测方法.应在监测前进行表征。监测位点的数目尽可能多.在小鼠和大鼠中监测的基因座数量为19个3。从19个位点中筛选出多态性位点用于封闭群体的监测.最好每年监测一次，从殖民地中随机抽取60个个体作为监测对象。本研究的结果不仅对小鼠和大鼠的遗传监测，而且对遗传学研究具有指导意义。

Phenotypic and gene frequencies in closed colonies of mice and rats which are well used for biomedical research were determined. As a result, genetic polymorphisms were observed in all of the colonies. In mice, Swiss and Deutch colonies which have different origin showed similar genotypes, however differences were observed between genotype of non-Swiss and that of Deutch mice and betwm genotype of non-Swiss and that of Swiss. In rats, three Wistar colonies obtained from different facilities showed different gene frequencies one another and they had different types of alleles at several loci. A result obtained by statistical analyses demonstrated that one strain of the Wistar colonies which was introduced in 1940's from the United states differed genetically from two other strains and that the Donryu strain differed from Wistar and SD.Genetic monitoring of two mouse and one rat colonies was carried out three times. Each colony showed almost the same gene frequencies three times. A method of genetic monitoring for closed colony of mice and rats was proposed as follows.1. Characterization should be carried out beforehm with monitoring. The number of monitored loci is as many loci as possible.2. The number of monitored loci is 19 in mice and rats3. Polymorphic loci among 19 loci skmld be selected for monitoring of the closed colony.4. It is preferable that monitoring is performed once a year, and the number of individuals used might be 60 individuals randomly selected from the colony.Results obtained in this study will be useful and instructive not only for genetic monitoring of mice and rats, but also for genetic study.