Study on genetic monitoring for closed colonies of mice and rats.

确定了用于生物医学研究的小鼠和大鼠的封闭菌落的表型和基因频率。结果表明，所有菌落均存在遗传多态性。在小鼠中，不同来源的瑞士和德国菌落表现出相似的基因型，但非瑞士和德国小鼠的基因型以及非瑞士和瑞士小鼠的基因型存在差异。在大鼠中，从不同设施获得的3个Wistar菌落显示出不同的基因频率，并且在几个位点上具有不同类型的等位基因。统计分析结果表明，20世纪40年代从美国引进的一株Wistar菌落与另外两株存在遗传差异，而东柳菌株与Wistar菌落和SD菌落存在遗传差异。对2个小鼠群体和1个大鼠群体进行了3次遗传监测。每个群体显示几乎相同的基因频率三次。提出了一种小鼠和大鼠封闭群体遗传监测方法。应在他之前进行鉴定并进行监控。监测的基因座数量尽可能多。在小鼠和大鼠中监测到的基因座数为19个。在19个基因座中选择多态性位点进行封闭群体监测。最好每年监测一次，使用的个体数量可从群体中随机选择60个个体。本研究结果不仅对小鼠和大鼠的遗传监测，而且对遗传学研究具有指导意义。

Phenotypic and gene frequencies in closed colonies of mice and rats which are well used for biomedical research were determined. As a result, genetic polymorphisms were observed in all of the colonies. In mice, Swiss and Deutch colonies which have different origin showed similar genotypes, however differences were observed between genotype of non-Swiss and that of Deutch mice and betwm genotype of non-Swiss and that of Swiss. In rats, three Wistar colonies obtained from different facilities showed different gene frequencies one another and they had different types of alleles at several loci. A result obtained by statistical analyses demonstrated that one strain of the Wistar colonies which was introduced in 1940's from the United states differed genetically from two other strains and that the Donryu strain differed from Wistar and SD.Genetic monitoring of two mouse and one rat colonies was carried out three times. Each colony showed almost the same gene frequencies three times. A method of genetic monitoring for closed colony of mice and rats was proposed as follows.1. Characterization should be carried out beforehm with monitoring. The number of monitored loci is as many loci as possible.2. The number of monitored loci is 19 in mice and rats3. Polymorphic loci among 19 loci skmld be selected for monitoring of the closed colony.4. It is preferable that monitoring is performed once a year, and the number of individuals used might be 60 individuals randomly selected from the colony.Results obtained in this study will be useful and instructive not only for genetic monitoring of mice and rats, but also for genetic study.