A Comprehensive Study on Legal Probems concerning Foreign Workers in Japan and Germany

1992年，我们致力于澄清有关外国工人问题的德国法律和日本法律之间的联系。1993年，我们邀请了来自科伦的三位学者，我们一起在立命馆大学工作。1994年，我们在前些年成果的基础上，对日本和德国在公法、民法、家庭法、劳动法和社会法等领域的法律进行了比较研究，并撰写了一份成果报告。其成果概括如下：(1)外籍工人在公法中的法律地位问题，不仅要从劳工政策的角度来研究，而且要从人权国际化的角度来探讨，也要从外国人的人权保障的角度来研究。无论他们的居留是合法还是非法，对于保护外国人民的权利，我国政府的政策都是消极的和排他性的。为了解决这些问题，一个根本性的思考应该是…(2)在国际化是进步的情况下，为了保障外籍劳工的人权和生命安全，应对现行的日本国籍沿袭、禁止双重国籍的制度给予必要的考虑。在外籍女工人数增加的情况下，她们有时会与日本男性结婚，生孩子。如果这样的孩子不被承认，他就不能获得日本国籍。结果，母亲和孩子都被迫离开这个国家，并与父亲断绝关系。为解决这一问题，应修改《国籍法》，并使承认获得国籍成为可能。(3)在对外国人开放的社会或市场中，任何活动都不能否认自我责任，同时在法律层面上，在某些情况下给予必要的保护和考虑。然而，作为这一原则的前提，外国人民的平等权利也应该得到保障。在这方面，日本现行法律存在着严重的问题。一个典型的例子就是非法劳工。在我们讨论劳动法中的任何单独保护之前，我们需要将侵犯权利的行为置于一般人权的层面上。为了解决这个问题，我们现在需要一些政治判断，以弥合“幻想和现实”之间的差距：我们不允许外国工人从事任何体力劳动；我们对事实上有许多人在日本工作的事实视而不见。较少

In 1992, we worked to clarify the connections between German laws and Japanese laws concerning foreign workers' problems. In 1993, we invited three scholars fromkoeln, and we worked together at Ritsumeikan University. In 1994, based on the achievements from the previous years, we were engaged in a comparative study of Japanese and German laws in such fields as Public Law, Civil Law, Family Law, Labor Law and Social Law ; and we wrote a report of our achievements.The achievements are summarized below.(1) The problem about foreign workers'legal status in Public Law schould be approached not only from the viewpoint of labor policy, but from either that of the internationalization of human rights or that of the security of foreigners'human rights. Whether their stay is legitimate or illegitimate, towards the protection of foreign people's rights our government's policy is negative and exclusive. In order to solve the problems resulting from those, a fundamental recon-sideration schould be … More necessary towards policies and administration regarding foreigners, which are completely left to the theory of "state sovereignty" and administrative discretion.(2) Under the circumstances where internationalization is progress, for the security of foreign workers'human rights and their life, a necessary consideration schould be given to the present system which adhers to pedigree upon acquiring Japanese nationality and prohibits dual nationality. Under the situation in which the number of female foreign workers is increasing, they sometimes get married to Japanese males, and have children. When such a child is not acknowledged, it cannot acquire Japanese nationality. As a result, both the mother and the child are forced leave the country and severed from the father. For the solution of sich problem, the Nationality Law schould be altered, and acquiring nationality by acknowledgment schould be made possible.(3) In a society or a market which is open to foreign people, self-responsibility for any activity can not denied, while, on the legal level, protection and consider-ation necessary are being given in certain cases. As the premise to this princi-ple, however, equal rights schould be guaranteed to the foreign people as well. In this respect, ther are serious problems unsolved in the present Japanese laws. A typical example can be seen in the case of illegal workers. Before we can talk about any respective protection in Labor Law, we need to adress the violation of righys witnessed on the level of general human rights. For the solution of this problem, we now need some political judgments which will bridge the gap between "illusion and reality" : that we do not admit any manual labor to foreign workers ; and that we close our eyes to the fact that in actuality there are many of them working in Japan. Less