Study of Hatamoto Residence in Edo from the Standpoint of Urban History-Formation of Residence and Urban Design of Samurai Residential Zone

本研究对江户时代武士居住区的重要组成部分——初本住宅的主屋平面、住宅场地内各种建筑的布置、住宅场地的布置进行了分析，从而明确了江户时代武士居住区与城市景观的设计方法。研究结果如下：畑本住宅的平面根据功能分为四个部分；“前台”接待客人；“中内饰”是一家之主管理公共事务和过日常生活的地方；私人生活的“背影”；还有“厨房”，是一家之主的妻子的地方。“前部”和“厨房”的空间占主屋总空间的四分之一，无论它的大小，都需要一个适合农耕的面积。在小住宅的情况下，省略了“中间内部”。然而，随着主屋面积的扩大，“中间室内”在总空间中的占比增加，管理家庭事务的部分也增加，这都是为了加强居住功能。“后屋”的占用率与主屋面积成反比。因为“后面”是一个私人空间，它的功能是有限的。除了Hatchobori Kumiyashiki（郡守的警司），幕府的最低级别侍从Gokenin的住所都分布在江户城外围。在他们居住的地方有阶级差异。警司所在的Kumiyashiki的一部分被租给了市民，后来成为了一个镇首领的市民区。

This study analyzes a plane of a main house, arrangement of various buildings in the residential site, and allotment of the residential site of a Hatamoto residence that is an important component of the Samurai residential zone in the Edo period, and then clarifies a design method of the Samurai residential zone and an urban landscape in Edo. Study results are as follows.1. A plane of a Hatamoto residence is divided to four sections according to their function ; "the front" for receiving gusets ; "the middle interior" for the family head's administering public affairs and leading an everyday life ; "the back" for private life ; and "the kitchen, " a place for the family head's wife.2. The space of "the front" and "the kitchen" takes a quarter of the total space of the main house, irrespective of the size of it, requiring an area suitable to farmality.3. "The middle interior" is omitted in case of a small residence. However, as the area of main house expands, the rate of occupation of "the middle interior" in the total space increases and the section for managing household affairs is also enlarged, both for reinforcement in residential function.4. The occupation rate of "the back" is inverse proportion to the size of main house. For "the back" is a private space and its function is limited.5.Except for Hatchobori Kumiyashiki (police sergents of a town magistrate), residences of Gokenin, the lowest level of the Shogun's retainers, are distributed outside of the outer mote of the Edo Castle. There are class differentials inside of their residential site. A part of the police sergents' Kumiyashiki was rented to townspeople and became a townfolk's zone later with a town headman.