A study on the sociospatial structure of the jouka-machi (castle town) grasped as the formative basis of the modern economic society in Japan

本研究的目的在于，从近代早期的町町为以市场经济为基础的现代经济社会提供了基础的观点出发，通过对町町的社会与空间构成的分析，把握町町所蕴含的城市理想与社会经济制度，并厘清为日本近代经济社会提供形成基础的町町的现状。通过与产生了欧洲现代经济社会支柱的荷兰城市进行比较。1992年，我研究了两种城市单元类型——keidai（街区）和machi（城镇）——的形成过程，这两种城市单元类型解释了日本历史上的城市空间。阐明了町町是通过对启台和町町进行重组和综合而形成的，而港口城镇是作为町町的外部城镇而建立的。1993年，我研究了既定的jouka-machi计划的演变。更多地指出，jouka-machi的城市结构特征存在于从层次化的社会构成向扁平化的演变过程中，存在于从封闭、封闭、分层的空间构成向开放、连续、统一的空间构成的演变过程中。我指出，外部港口城市“朱卡町”可以被视为早期现代日本城市发展的高潮。最后在1994年，我考察了外部港口城镇jouka-machi的社会和空间构成。我指出，通过一条街道可以看到由独立个体构成的社会和空间的统一性，通过一条街道可以看到商业的平等和空间的开放性，通过一条运河网络可以看到功能的平等和空间的连续性。并指出港口城镇产生了适合市场经济的城市空间。我们可以在16-17世纪的荷兰城市、17世纪的大阪jouka-machi以及整个市场经济世界中找到这些特征。作为结论，笔者指出，这些特征是伴随着现代经济社会的形成过程，从行政交换到市场交换，从相互分配到市场经济的通史所产生的。少

The aim of this study is to grasp the underlying urban ideal and the socioeconomic system through the analysis of the social and spatial composition of the jouka-machi (castle town) , on the point of view that the jouka-machi in the early modern society produced a basis for the modern economic society based on market economy, also to clarify the exiting state of the jouka-machi that functioned the formative basis for the modern economic society in Japan, by comparing with the Dutch cities that produced a bone of the modern economic society in Europe.In 1992 I examined the formative process of the jouka-machi on the idea of two urban unit types, keidai (precinct) and machi (town) that explained the historic urban space in Japan. I clarified that the jouka-machi was formed by means of reorganizing and synthesizing keidai and machi, and that the port town was established as an external town of the jouka-machi.In 1993 I examined the evolution of the established jouka-machi plan. I pointed … More out that the urban structural feature of the jouka-machi existed in the evolution proceeding from hierarchical social composition to flat one, and the evolution proceeding from closed, enclosed and stratified spatial composition to open, continuous and uniform one. I pointed out that the external port town of the jouka-machi could be seen as a climax of the evolution of the early modern Japanese cities.At last in 1994 I examined the social and apatial composition of the external port town of the jouka-machi. I pointed out that there could be seen the social and spatial uniformity composed of an independent individual, the commercial equality and spatial openness through a street, and the functional equality and spatial continuity through a canal network. I pointed out also that the port town produced the urban space that was suitable to market economy. We can find these features in Dutch cities in the 16-17th century, in Osaka jouka-machi in the 17th century, and all over the market economy world. As a conclusion I pointed out that those features aroused from the general history from administrated exchange to market exchange and from mutual distribution to market economy accompanied with the formative process of modern economic society. Less