Comparative Study on Traditional Urban Dwelling in Western Japan and Eastern Japan

1.从构成历史城市住宅体系的町屋和町村的角度，通过对各地区5个城市町屋和町村的比较，研究了日本东西部历史城市住宅体系的排序.研究方法以日本东西部5个城市为对象，包括新研究的地方城市会津若天、佐贺和博多，以及研究积累的中心城市江户和京都.通过对町家的建筑考察和佐贺的文献资料，如《佐贺上加町镰门町》，得到了佐贺的城市居住体系。并从空间与社会结构的角度，厘清周与町家的排序。通过考古学、文献资料和图片资料，对博多和圣福寺的中世纪平面图进行了重建，并呈现了在寺庙和神社内部及其周围发展的中世纪博多的真实的形象 关于我们 .5.通过对周和町屋在日本西部和东部五个城市的比较，我得出了以下结论。(1)在东日本的城市中，由于社会结构包含等级制度，因此强调了居住地划分制度的差异。在西日本的城市中，我没有发现居住地划分制度的差异，假设周的秩序是基于公共平等的。(2)在日本东部的町屋，由于商店商业不发达，商店空间的独立性在近代早期增加。在日本西部的町屋，中世纪形成的商店空间与住宅空间相连，Zashiki（客房）位于最内部。(3)在由中世纪城市改造而成的近代早期地方城市中，町屋的基本形式是Tuma-iri（山形门式入口），因为它的起源是Noka（农民住宅）的优势。在博多和京都继承了中世纪的城市，町屋的基本形式是窄宽的平入式（非山形门式），因为它的起源是在中世纪的多分割长屋。少

1. From the viewpoint that Chou (township) and Machiya (town house), which composed historical urban dwelling system, and varied with Eastern and Western Japan, I studied the ordering of historical urban dwelling system by comparison of Chou and Machiya in five cities of each region.2. The study method was based on general comparison between five cities in Eastern and Western Japan, composed of local cities newly studied, Aizu-Wakamatu, Saga and Hakata, and central cities with the accumulation of studies, Edo and Kyoto.3. I get the urban dwelling system in Saga by the architectural survey of Machiya and literature materials in Saga, for example "Saga Joukamachi Kamado-Cho". And I clear the ordering of Chou and Machiya viewed from spatial and social structure.4. I made the reconstruction of medieval plan of Hakata and Shofukuji-Temple by archaeological, literature and pictorial materials, and presented the real image of medieval Hakata which developed in and around the temple and shrine … More .5. I get conclusion as follows after the comparison between Chou and Machiya in five cities of Western and Eastern Japan.(1) In cities of Eastern Japan, the difference of dwelling site division system was emphasized because the social structure included the hierarchy. In cities of Western Japan, I could not find the difference in dwelling site division system on the assumption that the ordering of Chou based on public equality.(2) At Machiya in eaStern Japan, the independence of store space, added in early modern age, occurred because of undeveloped commerce at stores. At Machiya in Western Japan, store space which had been formed in medieval times, was joined to dwelling space, and Zashiki (guest room) was posed at the most inner part.(3) In early modern local cities reformed from medieval cities, the basic form of Machiya was Tuma-iri (gabled entrance type), because its origin was ascendant to Noka (farmer house). In Hakata and Kyoto succeeded the medieval city, the basic form of Machiya was Hira-iri (non gabled entrance type) with narrow width, because its origin was ascendant to multi-divided long house in medieval times. Less