Historic Study on Urban Space and Sosiety in Trading City under Management Trade in Japan

本研究的目的是在日本城市史上，将港口城所代表的中世纪商贸城定位为与管理贸易相对应的城市，而不是与市场贸易相对应的近代商贸城--在方城。为此，笔者借助历史地图、文献资料和发掘调查，通过与具体形象尚未明朗的中世纪商贸城、处于管理贸易之下的近代商贸城和与市场贸易相对应的近代商贸城的空间结构和社会结构的比较，明确了商贸城的空间形态和社会形态。研究报告(1)明确了近代港口的形成在中世纪管理交易社会向与市场交易…相对应的近代社会转型过程中的重要作用通过考察近代城市的形成和发展过程，进一步考察了近代城市的形成和发展过程。研究报告(2)明确，外贸城市空间实现了从码头沿线开阔的横向城镇百分比、码头由港口主导管理的垂直城镇类型城镇百分比、以日本海域开发的贸易城市为素材的纵向城镇类型城镇百分比的转变。随之而来的是管理贸易向市场贸易的转变。研究报告(3)明确了现代港口的空间规划与丰田章男政府敦促从管理贸易向市场贸易转变的城市政策是一致的，社会的形成是以沿着泽藤内海、比瓦湖岸和太平洋发展起来的港口为材料，关于城市空间沿海岸线发展的日本型港口的形成过程。研究报告(4)明确了早期近代城堡城镇的形成过程，以及城市空间从中世纪港口城镇向近代港口城镇的转变过程，与丰本政府的城市政策和贸易政策的发展相对应，以琵琶湖滨城、秀吉的城堡城长滨市和近代港口城镇大津市和前原市为材料，导致了从中世纪社会向近代社会的转型。较少

The aim of this research is to locate in the Japanese city history the medieval trade city which is represented in the port town as the city where it corresponds to management trade vis-a-vis early modern trade city such as zaikata town which corresponds to market trade. For this purpose I made clear the spatial and social form of trade city, through the comparison to the spatial and social structure of the medieval trade city where the concrete image had not become clear, the early modern trade city which was placed under management trade and which corresponds to market trade, depending upon historical map, literature material and excavation investigation. It tries to construct the new point of view in order to grasp the city image of the medieval period.Research report (1) made clear that the formation of the early modern port played important role at the time of converting from the medieval society under management trading to the early modern society which corresponds to market trad … More e, with construction of castle town which urged the conversion to monistic early modern society from multipolar dispersed medieval society, by viewing the process of formation and development of the early modern city.Research report (2) made clear that the space of the foreign trade city accomplishes conversion to the lateral town type town percentage where the wharf was widely opened alongside the shoreline, from the vertical town type town percentage where the wharf was managed by the harbor dominant person, with the trade city which was developed in the Japanese sea area as a material, attendant upon the conversion to market trade from management trade.Research report (3) made clear that the space of the modern times port which plans homogeneity with the city policy of the Toyotomi administration which urges the conversion to market trade from management trade and that society is formed, with the port which was developed along the Seto inland sea, the Biwa lakeshore and in the Pacific Ocean as a material, concerning the formation process of the Japanese type port which the city space developd alongside the shoreline.Research report (4) made clear the formation process of the early modern castle town and the conversion process of the city space to the early modern port town from the medieval port town with correspond to the development of city policy and trade policy of Toyotomi administration, picking up the Biwa lakeshore city, Hideyoshi's castle town Nagahama and early modern port town Otsu and Maibara as a material, which had leaded the conversion to early modern society from medieval society. Less