CELL BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF INSECT PHOTOPERIODISM

（1）家蚕脑内神经分泌细胞对抗视蛋白和抗视黄醇结合蛋白的免疫组化反应，表明这些细胞可能是光周期感受器。（2）HPLC-ECD分析表明，在蜕皮激素释放到血淋巴之前，柞蚕脑内肾上腺素和多巴胺含量均达到峰值。结果提示，这些儿茶酚胺类物质可能参与了脑内促前胸腺激素（PTTH）的释放。这些单胺样免疫组织化学反应位于脑内PTTH细胞和蚕毒素细胞的部位。HPLC-ECD分析表明，低温影响单胺代谢。在中等温度下，MAO（单胺氧化酶）活性高，但在低温下，NAT（N-乙酰转移酶）被激活。(3)We比较了滞育维持光周期下和滞育终止光周期下以及两种Anteraea之间的蜕皮激素滴度。10个周期的激活光周期可使两种昆虫的滞育终止，但山麦夜蛾的滞育滴度持续较高，而柞蚕的滞育滴度在蜕皮激素释放停止时处于基线水平。血淋巴氨基酸组成的两个物种有很大的不同，缬氨酸是最高的山麦，而低的阿佩尼。

(1)Neurosecretory cells in the brain of Antheraea silkmoth showed immunohistochemical reactivities against antiopsin and anti-retinol binding protein, which shows the possibility that these cells are the photoperiodic receptors.(2)HPLC-ECD analysis revealed that both adrenalin and dopamine contents peaked in the brain of Antheraea pernyi before ecdisteroids started being released into hemolymph. The result suggests that theses catecolamines are causally involved in the prothoracicotropic hormone(PTTH) release from the brain. These monoamine like immunohistochemical reactivities were located in the sites of both PTTH containing cells and bombyxin containing cells in the brain.Diapause of A.pernyi is terminated by chilling. HPLC-ECD analysis revealed that low temperature affects monoamine metabolism. At intermediate temperatures MAO(monoamine oxidase) activity is high but at low temperatures NAT(N-acetyltransferase) is activated.(3)We compared ecdysteroid titers both between under diapause maintaining photoperiod and under diapause terminating photoperiod and between the two Anteraea species. Diapause of both species was terminated by ten cycles of activating photoperiod but constitutively relatively high titer persisted in A.yamamai but the titer was at the base line level in A.pernyi when ecdysteroid release stopped. Hemolymph amino acid compositions of the two species were drastically different ; valine was the highest in A.yamamai but low in A.pernyi.