Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by microorganisms

微生物生产多不饱和脂肪酸

• 批准号: 04660115
• 负责人: SHIMIZU Sakayu
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04660115/
• 关键词: arachidonic acid; polyunsaturated fatty acid; Mortierella alpina; dihomo- -linolenic acid; ジホモ-γ-リルン酸

There are many advantages of using microorganisms as practical sources of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs). After screening a wide variety of microorganisms, fungal mycelia were found to be new and rich sources of C_<20> PUFAs of dietary and pharmacological importance. A soil isolate, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, produced arachidonic acid(ARA)at 4.3 g/L(274 mg/g dry mycelia)in a conventional carbohydrate medium. This value accounted for more than 65% of the total fatty acids in the extracted lipids from the mycelia. Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)was also produced when M.alpina was grown at lower temperatures(i.e., 12ﾟC). This temperature-dependent formation of EPA was found to be due to the activation of an enzyme, which catalyzes desaturation at the n-3 position of ARA by low temperature. The fungus converted oils containing alpha-linolenic acid(ALA), such as linseed oil and perilla oil, to an oil containing EPA with a concentration of 1.88 g EPA/L.This conversion was independent of the growth temperature. When grown in the presence of sesame oil, the same fungus produced dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid(DGLA)at a level of 2.17 g DGLA/L, with an accompanying marked decrease in ARA production. This was found to be due to specific inhibition of the DELTA5-desaturase by sesamin and related lignan compounds present in the oil.

使用微生物作为长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAS）的实际来源有许多优势。在筛选了多种微生物之后，发现真菌菌丝体是饮食和药物重要性的C_ <20> PUFA的新来源。土壤分离甲菌Alpina 1S-4，在常规的碳水化合物培养基中以4.3 g/L（274 mg/g干菌丝体）生产蛛网膜酸（ARA）。该值占菌丝体提取的脂质中总脂肪酸的65％以上。当M.Alpina在较低温度下生长（即12ﾟC）时，还会产生二十二碳烯酸（EPA）。发现EPA的温度依赖性形成是由于酶的激活，该酶通过低温催化在ARA的N-3位置上的饱和度。真菌转化的油中含有α-亚麻酸（ALA），例如亚麻籽油和perilla油，到含有EPA的油，其浓度为1.88 g EPA/L.这与生长温度无关。当在芝麻油存在下生长时，相同的真菌在2.17 g dgla/l的水平下产生二氢 - γ-中苯甲酸（DGLA），并参与了ARA产量的明显下降。这是由于油中存在的芝麻蛋白和相关木质烯化合物对Delta5-尿素酶的特异性抑制作用。

项目成果

S.Jareonkitmongkol: "A novel Δ5-desaturase-defective mutant of Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and its dihomo-γ-linolenic acid productivity" Appl.Environ.Microbiol.59. 4300-4304 (1993)

S.Jareonkitmongkol：“高山被孢霉 1S-4 的新型 Δ5-去饱和酶缺陷型突变体及其二高-γ-亚麻酸生产力”Appl.Environ.Microbiol.59 (1993)。

Sakay Shimizu: "Sesamin is a potent and specitic in hibitor of △5 desaturase in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis" Lipids. 26. 512-516 (1991)

Sakay Shimizu：“芝麻素是多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成中 △5 去饱和酶的有效且特异性抑制剂”Lipids 26. 512-516 (1991)。

Sakayu Shimizu: "Production of a novel omega 1-eicosapentaenoic acid by Mortierella alpina IS-4 grown on 1-hrexadecene" Arch.Microbiol.156. 163-166 (1991)

Sakayu Shimizu：“在 1-hrexadecene 上生长的高山被孢霉 IS-4 生产新型 omega 1-二十碳五烯酸”Arch.Microbiol.156。

S.Jareonkitmongkol et al.: "A novel delta5-desaturase-defective mutant of Mortierella alpina 1S-4" Appl.Environ.Microbiol.59. 4300-4304 (1993)

S.Jareonkitmongkol 等人：“高山被孢霉 1S-4 的新型 delta5-去饱和酶缺陷突变体”Appl.Environ.Microbiol.59。

S.Jareonkitmongkol: "Inhibitory Effects of Lignan Compounds on the Formation of Arachidonic acid in a Δ5-Desaturase-Defective Mutants of Mortierella alpina 1S-4" J.Ferment.Bioeng.76. 406-407 (1993)

S.Jareonkitmongkol：“木酚素化合物对高山被孢霉 1S-4 Δ5-去饱和酶缺陷突变体中花生四烯酸形成的抑制作用”J.Ferment.Bioeng.76 (1993)。