Studies on Tautology in the framework of the Mental Space Theory

心理空间理论框架下的同义反复研究

• 批准号: 06610454
• 负责人: SAKAHARA Shigeru
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610454/
• 关键词: Tautology; Copular sentence; Mental space; Identifying sentence; Descriptive sentence; Category; Prototype; Extralinguistic meaning; メンタル-スペース

I studied tautology and clarified the mechanism by which tautological copular sentences 'X be X', usually taken to be meaningless in the level of semantics, transmit various interpretations in their actual use. Copular sentences in natural language have two usages which are quite similar in form but sharply different in meaning : identifying sentences assign values to non-referential noun phrases (ex. 'The author of the Fleurs du Mal is Baudelaire.') ; descriptive sentences add properties to objects which are already identified (ex. 'Baudelaire is the author of the Fleurs du Mal.'). Tautological copular sentences have four uses in all : identifying sentence and its negation, descriptive sentences have four uses in all : identifying sentence and its negation, descriptive sentence and its negation. I studied each of them by assembling and analysing examples and constructed an integral theory of tautology in terms of categorization based on the prototype semantics. I showed thus that usual tautological sentences are descriptive sentences and that they can bring about various interpretations according to the categorization presupposed in the context of utterance. I also showed the specificity of identifying tautology and the mechanism of its interpretations. This research is a part of the project to construct a model for accounting for semantic phenomena which lie outside of conventional meaning. In order to study relations between language and knowledge, I also studied indirect object constructions in French, typological variance from the viewpoint of congnitive linguistics, the Japanese deictic verb of movement "kuru" (to come) and its compound forms, metaphors in the framework of the Mental Space theory.

我研究了重言式，阐明了在语义层面通常被认为无意义的重言式系动词句“X是X”在实际使用中传递各种解释的机制。自然语言中的系动词句有两种形式相似但意义截然不同的用法：识别句为非指称名词短语赋值（如：《恶之花》的作者是波德莱尔’）;描述性句子为已经被识别的对象添加属性（例如，波德莱尔是《恶之花》的作者').同语系动词句有四种用法：识别句及其否定，描写句有四种用法：识别句及其否定，描写句及其否定。本文通过实例的收集和分析，对每一种重言式进行了研究，并在原型语义的基础上构建了一个完整的范畴化重言式理论。因此，我指出，通常的重言句是描述性的句子，它们可以根据话语语境中预设的范畴而产生各种解释。本文还指出了识别重言式的特殊性及其解释机制。本研究是构建一个解释常规意义之外的语义现象的模型的一部分。为了研究语言与知识之间的关系，笔者还从认知语言学的角度研究了法语中的间接宾语结构、类型变异、日语中的运动指示动词“kuru”（来）及其复合形式、心理空间理论框架下的隐喻。

项目成果

坂原茂: "複合動詞「Vて来る」" 言語・情報・テクスト. 2. 109-143 (1995)

Shigeru Sakahara：“复合动词“V Tekuru””语言、信息和文本。2. 109-143 (1995)。

坂原茂: "言語理解とメンタル・スペース" 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. 94-512. 1-8 (1995)

Shigeru Sakahara：“语言理解和心理空间”IEICE 技术报告 94-512 (1995)。

Sakahara, Shigeru: "gengo-rikai-to mental-space (Language understanding and mental spaces)" Denshi-Jouhou-Tuushin-Gakkai-Gijutu-Kenkyu-Houkoku (Research Report on Technology, Society fo Electronical Information Communication). vol.94-512. 1-8 (1995)

Sakahara, Shigeru：“gengo-rikai-to mental-space（语言理解和心理空间）”Denshi-Jouhou-Tuushin-Gakkai-Gijutu-Kenkyu-Houkoku（电子信息通信协会技术研究报告）。

Sakahara, Shigeru: "mental-spce-riron-no shatei (Perspective of the mental space theory)" Gengo (Language). vol.25-4. 34-41 (1996)

坂原茂：“mental-spce-riron-no shatei（心理空间理论的视角）”Gengo（语言）。

坂原茂: "Phrade Copulative en japonais" 日仏語対照研究論集. 200-214 (1994)

Shigeru Sakahara：“Phrade Copulative en japonais”日法对比研究集 200-214 (1994)。