The Historical Sociological Study of Law for Graves and Ancestor Worship

早山（奈良：Yamabe-gun tsugue -mura）是双墓地系统（RYOUBOSEI）分布的地区。安葬遗体的墓地（UME-BAKA）位于隼山，按照死者的年龄等级按比例划分。墓地（MAIRI-BAKA）是建造石塔的地方，与家人划分为一个单位。在村社中心有一座神道神社，它是共同宗教服务（社区-节日-仪式）的中心。神道教神社避免死亡的玷污，丧葬队伍不能从神道教神社前经过。此外，在人们进入哀悼死者的时期（一年），人们不能参观神道教神社和参加节日仪式。死者的宗教服务的支持者是家庭，而MAIRI-BAKA（石塔坟墓）是死者的宗教服务（祖先崇拜）的设施。Hayama的墓地是所谓的common ground (IRIAITI)，只有村里的正式组成成员才有墓地的使用资格（墓地使用权）。墓地被反复使用，旧的遗骸被挖出来重新埋葬。此外，旧的石塔（墓）被收集，并建立一个新的塔（墓），当墓地变得充满了大量的坟墓。在这个地区，最早的坟墓是一个普通的石碑，用来安放村民的死者。它建于中世纪的eiroku时期（1558-1570）。近代早期（1615-1647年），普通百姓开始建造个人坟墓。在这段时间里也出现了一个男人和妻子的坟墓。家族墓（family [IE] -grave）的形式在20世纪出现在这一地区。近代出现了家族墓葬，但仍保留着传统和古老家族的形象。

Hayama (Nara : Yamabe-gun Tsuge-mura) is a region where the double cemeteries system (RYOUBOSEI) is distributed. The burial ground (UME-BAKA) where remains are buried, in Hayama, is divided in proportion to the age-class of the dead. The graveyard (MAIRI-BAKA) where is build the stony tower is divided as a unit with the family. There is a Shinto shrine in the center of village-community, and it is the center of common religious service (community-festival-rite). The Shinto shrine avoid the defilement of the death, and the funeral procession cannot pass in front of the Shinto shrine. Moreover, for the period (one year) when people go into the mourning for the dead, people cannot visit to the Shinto shrine and take part in the festival-rite. The group which is the supporter of the dead religious service is family, and MAIRI-BAKA (stony tower grave) are facilities for the dead religious service (ancestor worship).The graveyard in Hayama is so-called common ground (IRIAITI) and only the formal constituent member in the village has the use qualification of the graveyard (use right of graveyard). The burial ground is used repeatedly, and old remains are dug up and are reburied. Moreover, the old stony towers (graves) is collected and is build a new tower (grave) when the cemetery become to full with the plenty of graves.The first form of grave in this region was a common stone mounment of the dead of villagers. This was built in EIROKU-period (1558-1570) of the Middle Ages. The building of the grave for individual appeared in the common people in the early modern age (1615-1647). A grave for man and wife also appears in this time. The form of the grave of family (family [IE] -grave) appeared in this region in the 20th century. A family- grave appeared at modern ages though the image of a traditional and old family (IE) adhered.