Theoretical and Positive Research on the Partisan Competition and the Development of Diet Management Practice

1.在接受资助期间，我对政府和自民党重要职位任命的派系平衡和资历规则进行了研究。我提出了一个理论来解释他们的发展借鉴理性选择模型，以及不断变化的自民党Dietmembers组成。由于在1950年代和1960年代，与高级成员的数量相比，可用的职位供不应求，因此根据资历分配给主流派别的成员。这种做法为在党内建立资历规则铺平了道路，一旦这批资深成员在随后的选举中担任内阁职务或退休（被击败）。1970年代中期失去了稳定的多数，派系数量从8个减少到5个，使每个派系都成为关键，2.第二个研究是关于自民党内部晋升规则的制度化，我发现制度化不是发生在20世纪60年代末，而是发生在20世纪80年代初。对1993年细川内阁上台后的立法程序的变化进行了另一项研究。我发现，国会管理实践的变化主要涉及分配利益和废除自民党统治时期的做法。一个重要的变化是在委员会审议日程的决定实践中，多数规则取代了多数规则。4.多数联盟的形成和维持在1993年后变得非常重要。1994年1月，细川内阁在参议院通过的政治改革法案因社会党的倒戈而未能获得多数支持。我分析了他们的投票行为，使用不完全信息下的不确定议程的战略投票模型。

1.During the period under grant, I did research on the interfactional balancing and seniority rule for the appointment for important positions in the government and the Liberal Democratic Party. I present a theory to explain their development drawing on rational choice models as well as the changing composition of the LDP Dietmembers. Because available posts were in short supply vis-a-vis the number of senior members in the 1950s and the 1960s, they were distributed in favor of those in the mainstream factions according to seniority. This practice paved the way for the establishment of seniority rule across the party once this block of senior members either took cabinet posts or retired (got defeated) in the subsequent elections. The loss of a stable majority in the mid-1970s and the decrease in the number of factions from eight to five made each faction pivotal, leaving no room for factional maneuvering in a nested coalition game.2.The second research I did was on the institutionalization of rules governing promotion in the LDP.I showed that the institutionalization took place not in the late 1960s but in the early 1980s.3.I did another research into the change in the legislative process after the emergence of the Hosokawa Cabinet in 1993. I found that the changes in the Diet management practices were primarily concerned with distributional benefits and the abolition of practices developed during the LDP rule. One important change was the replacement of unanimity rule by majority rule in decision practice of the deliberation schedule in committees.4.Formation and maintenance of a majority coalition have become very important after 1993. The Hosokawa Cabinet could not garner a majority support for the Political Reform Bills in the House of Councilors in January 1994 because of the defection by the Socialists. I analyzed their voting behavior using a strategic voting model under incomplete information with uncertain agendas.