Neo-Institutionalist Research on the Partisan Competition and the Diet Management Practice in the System of 1955

1. 在接受资助期间，我回顾了有关日本选举制度的国内外文献，并于1998年4月16日至18日在爱荷华大学举行的比较立法研究会议上发表了一篇论文。一种方法是关注日本不同系统所采用的震级以及其他伴随特征的差异。中等地区制的研究者倾向于将政党作为因变量，关注中等地区制对候选人和政党的影响。另一种方法将日本的MDS视为单一的不可转让投票系统（SNTV），并将SNTV与其他流行的选举系统（如多数主义和PR系统）进行对比。在理性选择方法的基础上，研究者认为SNTV是一种游戏规则，它对自私自利的政治行为者施加了约束。分析了参与者的激励和策略，并将结果解释为均衡。研究人员倾向于把当事人的能力评价得过高，并声称当事人成功地解决了问题。我还用英文写了一篇关于政府和自民党重要职位任命的关系平衡和资历规则的论文，并在1998年9月3日至6日的美国政治科学协会年会上发表。为了分析1955年制度下的立法过程是如何演变的，我把重点放在了私人议员法案的提出和通过数量的变化上。我收集了第十一届和第31届国会的所有议员法案的各种资料，并制作成机器可读的形式。数据分析的发现是，20世纪50年代末，执政的自民党议员提出的私人议员法案数量的下降与法案提出过程的演变密切相关，在这一过程中，需要采取预算行动的政府法案在提出之前已提交给自民党政策事务研究委员会的相关部门。我在几次私人研究会议上谈到了这项工作。我正准备写一篇关于它的论文。少

1. During the period under grant, I reviewed the domestic and foreign literature on Japan's electoral systems and gave a paper at the Comparative Legislative Research Conference, the University of Iowa April 16-18, 1998. One approach is concerned with the difference in the district magnitude employed by various Japanese systems as well as other accompanying features. Researchers of medium-sized district system (MDS) tend to treat the party as the dependent variable and focuses on how MDS has affected candidates and parties. Another approach treats Japan's MDS as a single non-transferable vote system (SNTV), and contrasts SNTV with other popular electoral systems such as majoritarian and PR systems. Building upon the rational choice approach, researchers regard SNTV as a rule of the game, which imposes constraints on self-interested political actors. Incentives and strategies of actors are analyzed and outcomes are explained as an equilibrium. Researchers tend to evaluate parties' abili … More ty highly and claim that parties are successful in coping with the problems.2. I also wrote a paper in English on the interfactional balancing and seniority rule for the appointment for important positions in the government and the Liberal Democratic Party, and presented it at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting September 3-6, 1998.3. In order to analyze how the legislative process evolved during the system of 1955, I focused on the change in the number of the introduction and passage of private member bills. I collected various information on all private member bills during the and the 31st Diet sessions in a machine readable form. The finding of the data analysis is that the decline in the late 1950s in the number of private member bills introduced by the governing LDP members was closely related to the evolution of the bill introduction process in which government bills requiring budgetary action had been presented to the relevant section of the LDP's Policy Affairs Research Council before introduction. I talked about this work at a few private research meetings. I am preparing to write a paper on it. Less