Stability of decentralized generators in the electrical power supply network when providing ancillary services

电能系统的过渡需要关于大量分散发电机（DG）的适应性操作管理概念，以确保维持电压。然而，诸如Q（U）控制的无源方法继续至少用作回退水平，因为它们非常容易使用并且可以通过自适应地提供无功功率来局部地影响系统电压。由于一次能源的来源，分布式发电受到技术波动的影响，并越来越多地受到经济波动的影响。它们越来越多地用于直接营销，因此在15分钟营销间隔之间的交叉处增加对时间表的遵守可以导致可用功率的高梯度。因此，工厂控制应该能够安全地处理电压跳变（由于时间同步DG行为），以排除不期望的过冲或甚至不稳定的行为。然而，这种设置中的问题是，每个工厂控制器为自己工作，即，它只在电网中它自己的测量点上监视和处理受控量。电厂控制人员不考虑所有控制活动的总体影响。这种分散控制策略导致非常有趣和具有挑战性的控制理论问题。该项目的目的是开发面向应用的指导方针，用于评估电力供应网络中DG控制系统的鲁棒稳定性。一方面，重要的是要有控制理论上的精确定义，从而确保稳定性-即使在子系统故障的情况下-另一方面，准则的实际适用性以指南和易于使用的公式的形式。此外，关于参数不确定性和电网鲁棒性的问题将讨论典型的干扰以及不正确的工厂控制的检测和识别。为此，将开发允许i. a.电网运营商在考虑有限电网区域内的全部可用参数空间的情况下，以最小的努力对当前系统稳定裕度进行评估。此外，将开发和测试用于检测和隔离故障工厂控制或修改的控制器结构的方法。通过这些多层方法，将以理论上复杂的方式（残差生成器或模式识别）以及实际的后备解决方案（传感器基础）来解决问题。研究结果可以作为自动化电网运行管理领域未来研究项目的基础。项目期间开发的算法和概念将在一个强大的网络模型上进行测试，该模型可在本提案的申请人处获得。

The transition of the electrical energy system requires adaptable operational management concepts with regard to the large number of decentralized generators (DGs) in order to ensure the maintenance voltage. However, passive methods such as Q(U)-control continue to serve at least as a fallback level since they are very easy to use and can locally influence the system voltage by adaptively providing reactive power. DGs are subject to technical fluctuations due to the source of primary energy and are increasingly exposed to economic fluctuation. They are more and more being used in direct marketing so that the increased adherence to schedules at the crossover between the 15-minute marketing intervals can lead to high gradients in available power. Accordingly, the plant control should be able to safely handle voltage jumps (due to time-synchronous DG behavior) in order to exclude undesirable overshooting or even unstable behavior. However, the problem in this setup is that each plant controller works for itself, i.e., it only monitors and processes the controlled quantity at its own measurement point in the grid. The plant controllers do not consider the overall impact of all control activities. This decentral control strategy leads to highly interesting and challenging control theoretic problems.The aim of the project is to develop application-oriented guidelines for the evaluation of the robust stability of control systems for DGs in electrical power supply networks. On the one hand side, it is important to have the control-theoretically exact definition and, thus, ensure stability - even in the event of subsystem failures - and on the other hand side, the practical applicability of the criteria in the form of guidelines and easy-to-use formulas.In addition, questions on robustness against parameter uncertainties and grid-typical disturbances as well as the detection and identification of incorrect plant controls will be addressed. To this end, methods are going to be developed that allow i. a. the grid operator to carry out an evaluation of the current system stability margin considering the full available parameter space within a limited grid area and with minimal effort. Furthermore, methods for the detection and isolation of faulty plant controls or modified controller structures are to be developed and tested. With these multi-layered approaches, the problem will be approached in a theoretically sophisticated way (residual generator or pattern recognition) as well as with a practical fallback solution (sensor basis). The findings can serve as a basis for future research projects in the field of automated grid operation management.The algorithms and concepts developed during the project will be tested on a powerful network model, which is physically available at the applicants of this proposal.