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The possibility and Restricting Factors on surviving the part-time farming in Japan

日本打工农业生存的可能性及制约因素

基本信息

批准号：
06660285
负责人：
IWAMOTO Izumi
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The researches and the observation of this year lead to the conclusion that the continuity of part-time farms depend on the supplemental functions of the group farming activities especially in Kyushu district. There are two types of group farming which support the part-time farms such as the type of common use of farm machinery and the type of joint farming.The common use type of group farming seems not so large in its operation and easy to get agreement among the farmers in the rural village because the maintenance of the machinery should be take into consideration at least. It, however, difficult to maintain the activities continuously in order to adjust the balance between the utilization fee and the wages for custom work.On the joint farming type of group activities, the farmers manage their farming in one operational unit, so its generates some residuals after deducting expenditures. Nevertheless they could maintain their activities constantly, its quite difficulty to manage these activities without excessive knowledge of book-keeping and accounting.These group activities disturb to develop the liquidity of farm land, because farmers don't lease their farm land after entrusting the operational works to the group farming. Adding to this, water management and clearance of the fields and dikes are another limiting factors to enlarge the group farming activities.To maintain group farming is necessity for part-time farmers to continue both non-farm jobs and farm works. If additional fee or additional investment were acquired to renew the common use machinery, the part-time farmers are able to survive.

通过今年的研究和观察得出结论，九州地区兼职农场的延续依赖于群体农业活动的补充功能。支持兼职农场的群体农业有两种类型，即共同使用农业机械的类型和联合农业类型。一般的集团化耕作方式，由于至少要考虑到机械的维护问题，所以在操作上显得规模不大，容易得到农民的认同。然而，为了调整使用费和海关工资之间的平衡，很难持续维持这些活动。在集体活动的联合养殖类型中，农民在一个经营单元中经营，因此在扣除支出后会产生一些剩余。然而，他们可以不断地维持他们的活动，如果没有过多的簿记和会计知识，就很难管理这些活动。这些集团化活动扰乱了农地流动性的发展，因为农民在将经营工作委托给集团化经营后，并没有将农地出租。此外，水的管理和农田和堤防的清理是扩大集体农业活动的另一个限制因素。维持集团化经营是兼职农民继续从事非农工作和农业生产的必要条件。如果获得额外的费用或额外的投资来更新常用的机械，兼职农民就能够生存。