PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BOVINE TEAT,CANAL AND CISTERN

最常见的情况是，乳房炎是细菌通过乳头导管进入腺体内部的结果。因此，乳头的形态差异可能与感染有关。本研究采用乳头测量和超声断层扫描的方法，对乳汁中与乳品品质和菌群有关的乳头形态进行了测量，测量了乳头底部和顶端直径、乳头长度、乳头管直径和乳头长度以及乳头倾斜度。同时对牛乳品质(电导率、CMT和体细胞计数)和细菌进行检测。对乳房炎试验阳性组和阴性组的乳房炎试验和细菌学检查结果进行比较，并用水浴浸泡法对同一材料的乳头进行超声检查。阳性组的乳头倾斜度和乳头管直径明显大于阴性组。细菌学检查阳性组乳头管直径明显大于阴性组。结果表明，乳头粗大和/或乳头管径较大的乳头易患乳腺炎。正常乳头的超声图像显示，乳头壁、内膜和花环的表皮呈高回声，肌层呈低回声，乳头窦和乳头管无回声。异常表现为乳头窦阻塞、内膜肥厚、脓肿、息肉。这些异常均经形态检查证实。在哺乳期奶牛中发现了一些异常乳头，如憩室、狭窄和畸形，乳头测量和超声检查将是预防乳房炎的有效方法。

Most commonly, mastitis begins as a result of penetration of bacteria through the teat canal into the interior of the gland. Therefore, morphorogical differences of the teat shoud be related to the infection. In this research, teat measurements and ultrasonic tomography were applied to evaluate the teat morphology related to milk quality and bacteria.Teat-base and -apex diameter, -length, teat canal diameter and -length and teat gradient were measured. At the same time, milk quality (electronicconductivity, CMT and somatic cell counts) and bacteria were examined. These parameters were compared between the positive and negative groups divided from the result of milk mastitis tests and bacteriological examination.The teats of the same materials were examined on ultrasonography by the water bath dipping method. They were then compared with macroscopic and histopathologic findings.Teat gradient and teat canal diameter were significantly larger in the positive group than in the negative group. The teat canal diameter of the positive group in bacterial examination was significantly larger than that in the negative group. These results suggest that the teat with larger teat grandient and/or teat canal diameter is susceptible to mastitis.The ultrasonograhic images of normal teats were recorded that the epidermis of teat wall, intima and rosette of Furstenberg appeared as hyperecogenic, the muscle layr as hypoechogenic and the teat sinus and teat canal as anechogenic. Abnormal findings were obtained as follows, obstruction of teat sinus, hypertrophy of intima, abscess and polyp. These abnormalities were confirmed by morphological examination. In the lactating cows, some abnormal teats were found as diverticulum, stenosis and malformation.Teat measurements and ultrasonography will be a useful methods for preventing mastitis.