Immunological Treatment against Upper Respiratory Tract Infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae ; The Roleof Mucosal Immunity

1)聚合酶链式反应检测流感嗜血杆菌：用聚合酶链式反应检测渗出性中耳炎患者中耳积液中的流感嗜血杆菌。P6-DNA阳性率明显高于常规培养法检出的细菌。P6-DNA也多见于腺样体。2)鼻咽和鼻咽粘膜免疫反应：用ELISA法检测渗出性中耳炎患者鼻咽分泌物中的分泌型IgA抗体活性。抗流感嗜血杆菌抗体滴度与鼻咽中的流感嗜血杆菌数量呈负相关。腺样体淋巴细胞的ELISPOT分析显示，存在针对流感嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白的IgA和IgG抗体分泌细胞。ADEN…中淋巴细胞数量与流感嗜血杆菌数量呈负相关更多的OID。结果提示，鼻咽分泌型IgA可能抑制了流感嗜血杆菌在鼻咽部的定植，腺样体能调节鼻咽粘膜免疫反应。3)口服免疫效果：口服福尔马林灭活的非型流感嗜血杆菌或外膜蛋白辅以佐剂，可提高小鼠唾液、鼻咽分泌物和血清中的IgA抗体活性。ELISPOT分析表明，口服免疫后，鼻咽粘膜和肠道固有层中分泌外膜特异性IgA的淋巴细胞显著增加。此外，接种到鼻咽的流感嗜血杆菌活菌在口服免疫的小鼠中也能迅速消除。结果提示，口服免疫可提高黏膜免疫功能和清除鼻咽，口服流感嗜血杆菌可有效预防中耳炎、鼻窦炎等上呼吸道感染。较少

1)Detection of Haemophilus inflenzae by PCR :PCR was applied to detect H.influenzae from middle ear effusion of patients with otitis media with effusion. The incidence of P6-DNA was significantly higher than that of bacteria detected by conventional culture method. P6-DNA was also frequently found in adenoids. The results suggest that presence of H.influenzae in middle ear effusion and in the nasopharynx is more common than previously reported.2)Mucosal immune responses in the nasopharynx and adenoids :Secretory IgA antibody activities in nasopharyngeal secretions of patients with otitis media with effusion were determined by ELISA.The antibody titers against H.influenzae were inversely correlated with the number of H.influenzae in the nasopharynx. ELISPOT assay of adenoid lymphocytes showed the presence of IgA and IgG antibody secreting cells specific to outer membrane proteins of H.influenzae. The number of lymphocytes were inversely correlated with the number of H.influenzae in aden … More oids. The result suggest that nasopharyngeal colonization of H.influenzae might be inhibited by secretory IgA in the nasopharynx, and that adenoids might regulate mucosal immune responses in the nasopharynx.3)Effects oral immunization with H.influenzae :Oral administration of formalin-killed nontypeable H.influenzae or outer membrane proteins with adjuvant increased murine IgA antibody activities in saliva, nasopharyngeal secretion and serum. ELISPOT assay showed that outer membrane-specific IgA secreting lymphocytes were significantly increased in nasopharyngeal mucosa as well as in intestinal lamina propria after oral immunization. Moreover, live H.influenzae inoculated into the nasopharynx were rapidly eliminated in mice having oral immunization. The results suggest that oral immunization enhanced mucosal immunity and the clearance of the nasopharynx, and that oral immunization with H.influenzae might be effective in preventing upper respiratory tract imfection such as otitis media and sinusitis. Less