The Mechanisms of Mucosal Immune Responses in Adenoid and Tonsil (NALT)

Mucosal immune responses in adenoid tonsil1)Immune responses against Haemophilus influenzaeThe number of IgA-producing cells against H.influenzae was decreased in the samples of adenoid from which the bacteria was cultured。The same results were obtained in the study of tonsils.Those findings suggest that mucosal immune responses against bacteria are associated with the pathogenesis of upper respiratory diseases.2)The role of adenoidal epithelial cellsAdenoidal epithelial cells produced IL-8and IL-1βin response to endotoxin purified from H.influenzae.Activation of NF-I D2κD2B was correlated with those cytokine production.The findings indicate that epithelial cells are also involved in the induction of mucosal immune responses.Mucosal immune responses in mice1)The effects of intranasal immunizationIntranasal，intratracheal，and oral immunizations with H.influenzae induced antigen-specific IgA producing cells in nasal mucosa and enhanced bacterial clearance from the nose.Those responses were most significant in intranasal immunization。Th1-as well as Th2-type cytokines were associated with the mucosal and systemic immune responses.2)Induction of immune toleranceIntranasal immunization with H.influenzae prior to systemic immunization did not suppress the production of IgG antibodies。However，when CD8 I D1+I D1T cells activated by intranasal immunization were deleted，the number of IgG-producing cells was increased。The results indicate the capability of inducing immune tolerance by intranasal vaccination。

Mucosal immune responses in adenoid tonsil1) Immune responses against Haemophilus influenzaeThe number of IgA-producing cells against H. influenzae was decreased in the samples of adenoid from which the bacteria was cultured. The same results were obtained in the study of tonsils. Those findings suggest that mucosal immune responses against bacteria are associated with the pathogenesis of upper respiratory diseases.2) The role of adenoidal epithelial cellsAdenoidal epithelial cells produced IL-8 and IL-1β in response to endotoxin purified from H. influenzae. Activation of NF-ィイD2κィエD2B was correlated with those cytokine production. The findings indicate that epithelial cells are also involved in the induction of mucosal immune responses.Mucosal immune responses in mice1) The effects of intranasal immunizationIntranasal, intratracheal, and oral immunizations with H. influenzae induced antigen-specific IgA producing cells in nasal mucosa and enhanced bacterial clearance from the nose. Those responses were most significant in intranasal immunization. Th1- as well as Th2-type cytokines were associated with the mucosal and systemic immune responses.2) Induction of immune toleranceIntranasal immunization with H. influenzae prior to systemic immunization did not suppress the production of IgG antibodies. However, when CD8ィイD1+ィエD1T cells activated by intranasal immunization were deleted, the number of IgG-producing cells was increased. The results indicate the capability of inducing immune tolerance by intranasal vaccination.