Biomechanical study on the development of a system for the evaluation of sports techniques

本研究的目的是通过对熟练运动员的生物力学分析，建立“标准运动模型”作为运动模式模型的程序，并建立一个运动技术评价系统的原型。通过摄影和/或录像的方式，在正式比赛和实验中收集熟练和优秀运动员的数据。收集的运动包括短跑、跳高、跳远、撑杆跳高、铅球、标枪和足球。这些运动的坐标数据通过运动持续时间和人体测量变量（如运动员的身高）进行归一化，并进行平均以产生标准运动模型2。通过对一些生物力学变量的标准差和变异系数作为运动变异性的指标进行检验，发现即使在高技术运动员的运动中，也有变化小的运动和变量，也有变化大的运动和变量。这表明，通过使用生物力学的理论方法，可以在运动变异性的基础上确定运动技术的关键点和因素。该系统由生物力学运动数据库（BMDM），即标准运动和计算机显示系统组成，我们可以将运动员运动的操纵杆图像和/或VTR图像与他/她先前记录的和/或从BMDB中拍摄的标准运动进行比较。由于PC的局限性，该系统不是在笔记型个人计算机（PC）上构建的，而是在工作站（HP 715/50）上构建的。然而，计算机相关技术的快速发展将使该系统在不久的将来更加有效和有前途。

The purposes of this study were to develop a procedure to establish "Standard Motion Model" as a motion pattern model through biomechanical analysis of the skilled athletes, and to develop a prototype of the system for the evaluation of sports techniques.1. By cinematography and/or videography, data collection of skilled and excellent athletes was done during official competitions and experiments. Motions collected were sprint running, high jump, long jump, pole vault, shot put, javelin throw, and soccer kicks. Coordinates data of these motions were normalized by the duration of motion and anthropometric variables, such as body height of athletes and were averaged to produce models of standard motion.2. By examining standard deviations and coefficients of variation as an index of motion variability for some biomechanical variables, it was found that there were motions and variables with small variations and those with large variations even in the motions of the highly skilled athletes. This suggests that critical points and factors of sport techniques can be identified on the basis of motion variability, by using with theoretical approaches of biomechanics.3. The system developed consisted of a biomechanical motion data-base (BMDM), i.e.standard motions and a computerized display system on which we could compare stick pictures and/or VTR images of the athlete's motion with his/her previously recorded and/or standard motion take from BMDB.The system was not constructed on a notetype personal computer (PC), but on workstation (HP 715/50) because of the limitations of PC.However, fast development of computer-related technology will help the system more effective and promising in the near future.