Biomechanical study on the development of optimization system for sports techniques

本研究的目的是利用优化循环来改进投球、立定跳远和短跑三项技术，并探讨使用muscullographics公司的交互式肌肉骨骼建模软件（Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modeling，以下简称SIMM）进行优化系统的可能性。采用录像技术和力台技术对头顶投掷健身球和立定跳远进行技术训练前后的分析比较。结果表明，所采用的运动技术生物力学优化回路不仅在运动技术分析中有效，而且在技术训练和提出改进建议中都是有效的。13名短跑运动员自愿用优化系统参加了为期3周的短跑技术训练。通过对他们冲刺动作的分析，指出了他们在冲刺动作中存在的技术缺陷和限制因素，即腿恢复迟缓、支撑腿塌陷等。在训练阶段，在每一次冲刺跑试验中，他们的冲刺运动图像都被显示在VTR显示器上。除1名被试外，其余被试的短跑速度均有所提高，短跑动作也出现了变化，但变化的类型各不相同。运动变化的生物力学分析表明，大多数受试者通过髋关节发力增加步幅频率和流向大腿的机械能。采用逆动力学方法和SIMM方法对2名男性中长跑运动员进行了研究。比较两种技术在支撑阶段的关节扭矩、关节扭矩功率、下肢肌肉的肌肉扭矩，表明SIMM可以根据骨骼肌的力学性能估算出每个肌肉单元的肌肉扭矩，并且SIMM对肌肉性能参数进行了大量的修改和修改，以便有效地用于运动技术优化系统。少

The purposes of this study were to use the optimization loop for the improvement of techniques of medicine-ball throwing, standing long jump and sprint running and to examine the possibility of using Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modeling, MusculoGraphics Inc., henceforth SIMM, for the optimization system.Subjects throwing a medicine-ball in a overhead manner and subjects performing a standing long jump were analyzed and compared before and after the technical training with a videography and a force platform technique. The results indicated that the biomechanical optimization loop of sports techniques used was effective not only in the analysis of sports techniques but also in technical training and drawing suggestions for improvement.Thirteen sprinters voluntarily participated in the technical training of sprint running with the optimization system for three weeks. Based on the analysis of their sprint motion, they were pointed out technical faults and limiting factors in t … More heir motion, i.e. delayed recovery of the leg, collapse of the support leg, and so on. In training session, the images of their sprint motion were displayed on a VTR display in every trial of sprint running . The subjects except one subject improved the velocity of sprinting and showed the changes in the sprint motion, although the types of the changes were various. Biomechanical analysis of changes in motion indicated that most of the subjects increased their stride frequency and mechanical energy flow to the thigh by the hip joint force power.Two male middle distance runners were investigated with an inverse dynamics method and SIMM.Comparison of joint torques, joint torque powers, the muscle torques of the lower limb muscles during the support phase with both techniques indicated that SIMM could estimate the muscle torque of each muscle unit, basing on mechanical properties of the skeletal muscles and that SIMM is subject to no small revisions and modification of the parameters of muscle properties for effective use in the optimization system of sports techniques. Less