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Biomechanical study on falls in the elderly during walking : biomechanics of stepping over obstacles of different heights

老年人行走跌倒的生物力学研究：跨越不同高度障碍物的生物力学

基本信息

批准号：
08680090
负责人：
AE Michiyoshi
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08680090/
关键词：
elderly walking fall biomechanics motion analysis stepping over motion

项目摘要

The purpose of this study was to analyze the motions of elderly and young people in stepping over obstacles and to obtain information to prevetn serious falls in the elderly. Twenty-five elderly and 12 young males stepping over obstacles of three different heights were videotaped with a high speed video camera and were analyzed with biomechanical methods. Major results were summarized as follows.1.With the increase in obstacle heights, walking velocity decreased, but significant change in clearance height was not found both groups.2.With the increase in obstacle heights, flexions of the limb, especially the hip (thigh) of the leading leg increased in both groups. In the elderly, swing of the upper arm disappeared and the forward lean of the trunk rapidly increased after the right foot landing at high obstacle.3.Pattern of vertical ground reaction force of the support leg had two peaks with larger dip in the young when stepping over high obstacle. Two types of GRF patterns were found in the elderly, i.e. one was similar to that of the young, and another did not show large dip.4.Around the obstacle clearance of the toe, extension torque of the hip was dominant. With the increase in obstacle height, for both groups there found increases in negative extension torque power at the clearance and negative flexion torque power before the foot landing for the hip of the leading leg. Torque and power patterns in the support leg were similar to those of normal walking. Mechanical work of the hip was significantly larger in the young than the elderly.Since lowering strategy for recovery from a trip pertubation during walking frequently appeared, the importance of the hip musculature was suggested to prevent serious falls in the elderly.

本研究的目的是分析老年人和年轻人在跨过障碍物时的动作，以获得预防老年人严重跌倒的信息。用高速摄像机对25名老年人和12名青年男性跨越3个不同高度的障碍物进行了摄像，并进行了生物力学分析。主要研究结果如下：1.随着障碍物高度的增加，两组的步行速度都有所下降，但净空高度变化不明显。2.随着障碍物高度的增加，两组的肢体屈曲度都有所增加，尤其是前腿的髋部(大腿)。老年人右脚着地高空障碍后，上臂摆动消失，躯干前倾迅速增加。3.支撑腿垂直地面反作用力在跨过高空障碍时出现双峰，年轻人下降幅度较大。老年人的GRF有两种类型，一种类似于年轻人，另一种没有大的倾斜度。4.在足趾的障碍清除方面，髋关节的伸展扭矩占主导地位。随着障碍物高度的增加，两组的前腿髋部在踏板间隙处的负伸展扭矩功率和双脚落地前的负屈曲扭矩功率都有所增加。支撑腿的扭矩和功率模式与正常行走相似。年轻人的髋关节机械功明显大于老年人。由于步行过程中经常出现从绊倒扰动中恢复的降低策略，因此建议髋部肌肉系统对预防老年人严重跌倒具有重要意义。