Biomechanical study for the estimation of the occurrence and the prevention of lower limb injury in athletes

本研究的目的是为运动员下肢损伤的发生和预防提供基础资料，探讨下肢疼痛与步态生物力学参数的关系。应用三维运动分析方法对200名男性运动员下肢疼痛和非下肢疼痛时的步态进行分析。根据受试者自我报告的下肢疼痛部位，将受试者分为五组：无疼痛、背痛、髋痛、膝痛和踝痛。利用三维运动捕捉系统Vicon采集数据，计算下肢关节的生物力学参数。采用非疼痛组下肢关节的运动学和动力学、对称性和不对称性、步态平均数据的运动偏差等指标，研究疼痛部位与各参数之间的关系。主要结果如下：1）背痛组与对照组相比， 关于我们 其特征在于在支撑阶段期间髋关节屈曲和伸展的扭矩的较大运动偏差。这可能是由于髋关节伸肌的扭矩和功率比无疼痛组更大，这可能有助于防止躯干过度前倾并稳定姿势，从而减少背部和髋关节的负荷。2）髋关节疼痛组在支撑阶段髋关节屈伸和背跖屈扭矩的运动偏差更大。这表明受试者可能通过减少足底屈肌的力量消耗，施加更大的髋关节屈曲扭矩来抑制可能引起髋关节疼痛的更大髋关节伸展。3）膝关节疼痛组在支撑阶段髋关节外展肌扭矩的运动偏差更大。受试者可能通过髋外展肌较大的负扭矩功率来补偿膝关节疼痛引起的膝关节伸肌负扭矩功率的降低。4）踝关节疼痛组背跖屈肌扭矩的运动偏差较大。与其他组的受试者不同，该组受试者在疼痛侧肢体中施加的跖屈扭矩大于非疼痛侧肢体。研究结果表明，运动员在支撑阶段可能无意识地在踝关节施加较大的扭矩力，以稳定平衡，并尽可能维持正常的步态模式。这些发现表明，在步态过程中仔细检查下肢关节的不对称和运动偏差有助于估计运动员下肢损伤的发生和预防。

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic findings for the estimation of the occurrence and the prevention of lower limb injury in athletes, investigating the relationship between pains in the lower limb and biomechanical parameters in gait. The three-dimensional motion analysis was applied to gait analysis for 200 male athletes with and without pains in the lower limb. Based on the location of pains in the lower limb which were self-reported, the subjects were divided into five groups: No pain, back pain, hip pain, knee pain and ankle pain. The biomechanical parameters of the lower limb joints were computed from data collected with 3D motion capturing system Vicon. The kinematics and kinetics, symmetry and asymmetry, motion deviation from averaged data of the lower limb joints during gait from no pain group were used to investigate the relationships between the location of pain and the parameters. The major results obtained were summarized as follows.1) The back pain group was cha … More racterized by the greater motion deviation in the torque of the hip flexion and extension during the support phase. This may be caused by the greater torque and power exertion of the hip extensors than the no pain group which may have contributed to prevent from excess forward inclination of the trunk and to stabilize the posture so as to decrease the load on the back and hips.2) The hip pain groups showed the greater motion deviation in the torques of the hip flexion and extension and the dorsi-plantar flexion during the support phase. This suggests that the subjects may have inhibited the greater hip extension which may induce the hip pain by reducing power exertion of the plantar flexors, with exerting the greater hip flexion torque.3) The knee pain group showed the greater motion deviation in the torque of hip abductors during the support phase. The subjects may have exerted the greater negative torque power of the hip abductors to compensate the decreased negative torque power of the knee extensors which may be caused by the knee pain.4) The ankle pain group showed the greater motion deviation in the torque of the dorsi-plantar flexion. Unlikely to the subjects of the other groups, the subjects of this group exerted greater plantar flexion torque in the pain-side limb than that of the non-pain-side limb. It is inferred that they may have unconsciously exerted the greater torque power at the ankle to stabilize balance during the support phase and sustain the gait pattern as normal as possible.These findings suggest that scrutinizing asymmetry and motion deviation in the lower limb joints during gait helps the estimation of the occurrence and the prevention of the lower limb injury for athletes Less