A Study on Evaluation of Ignition Dangers of Hazardous Wastes

危险废物燃烧危险性评价研究

• 批准号: 06680407
• 负责人: UETAKE Kazuya
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: NIHON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06680407/
• 关键词: Ignition dander; Hazardous Wastes; Combustible Solid; UN Recommendations; Fire Service Act; Flammable Solid; Confirmatry Test; Oxygen Index; 国連勧告燃焼速度試験; 酸素指数法; 有害廃棄物; 発火危険性評価; 模擬廃棄物試料; 着火危険性; 燃焼速度試験; プラスチック粉

No appropriate method has yet been established to investigate ignition dangers of hazardous wastes. We have undertaken in this study a basic experiment in order to create and propose a test method for the determination of the dangers of the wastes of combustible solids with the ignition dangerousness comparable to those cited in "the United Nations Recommendations, Class 4.1" (Orange Book).The following substances were used as the test materials : metallic powders ; plastics, which are the combustible materials designated by the Fire Service Act ; ignitable solids (the flash point < 40ﾟC) : tetramethoxytitanium, trioxane, and so on ; combustible solids ( the United Nations Recommendations) : naphthalene, paraformaldehyde, and so on ; and common organic materials : anthracene, sawdust, and so on. The simulated wastes were prepared by mixing these substances with aluminium powder and cellulose in various proportions.The measurment of the dangers was carried out in conformity to the small gas flash ignition test and the Seta closed cup flash point test prescribed by Fire Service Act, and the burning rate test provided by the United Nations Recommendations, Class 4.1. At the same time, the confirmatory test has been carried out for the determination of dangerousness by using digital calorimeter, high-pressure differential thermal balance, and Oxygen Index Method.Careful analysys of the data obtained from various tests mentioned above led us to recognize the method using the improved type of Oxygen Index Method to be the most relevant one. As a consequence, we conclude that there exists the ignition danger when substance under testing ignited within 10 seconds, continued burning, and terminated within 90 seconds by the contact with the small gas flame under a fixed 21 vol% oxygen concentration in support burning gas (O_2/N_2).

目前还没有制定适当的方法来调查危险废物的着火危险。在这项研究中，我们进行了一项基本实验，以建立和提出一种测试方法，用于确定可燃固体废物的危险性，其着火危险性与“联合国建议书，第4.1类”中引用的危险性相当。（橙子书）。使用以下物质作为试验材料：金属粉末;塑料，这是由消防法指定的可燃材料;可燃固体（闪点< 40 ℃）：四甲氧基钛、三恶烷等;可燃固体（联合国建议）：萘、多聚甲醛等;以及常见的有机材料：蒽，锯末，将这些物质与铝粉、纤维素按不同比例混合制成模拟废弃物，根据《消防法》规定的小气体闪光点火试验和Seta闭杯闪点试验以及联合国建议书4.1级规定的燃烧速率试验进行危险性测试。同时，对数字量热仪、高压差热天平和氧指数法测定沥青的粘度进行了验证试验，通过对各种试验数据的分析，认为改进型氧指数法是最合适的方法。结果表明，在氧浓度为21%（体积分数）的助燃气体（O_2/N_2）中，当被测物质在10秒内点燃，继续燃烧，并在90秒内与小火焰接触时，存在着着火危险。