Keeping meristems at balance – stem cell maintenance and termination in flowers with two meristem types

保持分生组织平衡 具有两种分生组织类型的花中干细胞的维持和终止

• 批准号: 448534203
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Annette Becker
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Spezielle Botanik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/448534203?language=en
• 关键词: Keeping; meristems; balance; stem; cell

The maintenance of stem cell activity in the floral meristem is required for the establishment of the basic structure of a flower. Only one type of floral meristem exists in the flowers of most plants, from which floral organs initiate successively in a simple, straightforward way generating a whorled arrangement of floral organs. Some plants produce a second, ring-like meristem whose prolonged activity allows the production of stamens even after the central floral meristem ceased in the process of carpel development. This evolutionary novelty leads to a more flexible growth mode allowing adjustment of stamen number until late in flower development.The molecular basis underlying the formation of the ring meristem is unclear, yet it is very likely that ectopic expression, alternative rewiring and patterning of the stem cell determination program is modified. The aim of this project is to obtain mechanistic insights into the development and maintenance of two neighboring meristems. Moreover, we aim to elucidate the molecular base of ring meristem origin. We want to compare two closely related Papaveraceae species, one with (Eschscholzia californica) and one without ring meristem (Pteridophyllum racemosum) regarding 1) genes regulating the stem cell activity of meristems, 2) their expression pattern and genetic functions. In addition, we 3) aim to identify the similarities and differences of the distinct meristem types and 4) want to understand the evolutionary processes leading to the origin of the ring meristem at the molecular scale. We believe that launching this project will significantly improve our understanding of essential biological issues such as “the maintenance of stem cell activity”, “the origin of novel meristem types”, “the molecular basis of flower diversification in basic structure”, and reaches into the basic ecological question addressing the molecular base for resource allocation between male and female reproductive structures.

维持花分生组织中的干细胞活性是建立花的基本结构所必需的。大多数植物的花中只有一种类型的花分生组织，花器官以一种简单、直接的方式相继启动，形成轮生排列的花器官。一些植物产生第二个环状分生组织，其持续的活动允许雄蕊的产生，即使在中心花分生组织在心皮发育过程中停止后也是如此。这种进化的新颖性导致了一种更灵活的生长模式，允许在花发育后期调整雄蕊数量。环状分生组织形成的分子基础尚不清楚，但干细胞决定程序的异位表达、替代重连和构图很可能被修改。这个项目的目的是获得对两个相邻分生组织的发展和维护的机械性见解。此外，我们还旨在阐明环状分生组织起源的分子基础。我们想要比较两个密切相关的罂粟科物种，一个是有环状分生组织的，另一个是没有环状分生组织的，涉及1)调控分生组织干细胞活性的基因，2)它们的表达模式和遗传功能。此外，我们3)目的是识别不同分生组织类型的异同，4)想从分子水平上了解导致环状分生组织起源的进化过程。我们相信，启动这一项目将显著提高我们对基本生物学问题的理解，如“干细胞活性的维持”、“新分生组织类型的起源”、“基本结构中花多样化的分子基础”，并深入到解决雄性和雌性生殖结构之间资源分配的分子基础的基本生态学问题。