Plant-Soil Interaction at Super-strong Acid Range

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Plant-soil interaction at super-strong acid range was examined and following results were obtained.1. Relationship between the acid characteristics and vegetation of the solfatara soil was clarified. Field investigation of the tea garden soil was done both in Japan and South Korea, Acid characteristics of the soil and the growth and distribution of tea root were clarified. Moreover, it was clarified that the tea garden soil in Japan showed soil pH<4.0, and the destruction of the clay mineral occurred in the soil resulting genesis of low crystalline alumino-silicate in the drainage canal.2. Behavior of Al tridecamer in the soil solution was examined using ^<27>Al NMR and it was clarified that Al tridecamer was not stable, and Al - humus complex was an important source for soluble Al.3. It was clarified that mineralization of soil organic matters both in the tropical peat soil and tea garden soil were ruled by the amount of the rainfall, underground water change, soil pH and soil Eh.4. Growth promotion mechanism and Al accumulation mechanism of Melastoma were clarified, and it was also clarified that Al chelation with the organic acid released was important as the Al tolerance mechanism of plants.5. Al tolerance mechanism of backwheat, barley and rye was attributed to the secretion of organic acids, and Al tolerant gene of the rice existed in the No6 chromosome and was one gene regulation.6. Genetically modified Al tolerant Arabidopsis and barley with the ability of the organic acid release were created.7. Relationship between a low phosphoric acid resistant and the ability of organic acid release in plant was clarified.8. Mechanism of the strong acidification by heavy application of fertilizers in Andisol was clarified in long term field experiment, and soil exchangeable Al was important as phytotoxic Al.