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Mineral chemistry and kinetic approach to the effects of heavy fertilization and acid rain on the soil environment

重施肥和酸雨对土壤环境影响的矿物化学和动力学方法

基本信息

批准号：
11460030
负责人：
SAIGUSA Masahiko
金额：
$ 9.66万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460030/
关键词：
Aluminum Toxicity Soil Acidity Exchangeable Aluminum Andisols Acid Rain Fertilization Acid Injurery Subsoil Acidity 酸性雨酸性障害多肥ノンストレス肥料

项目摘要

Soil acidity is one of the most serious environmental stresses that limit the root growth of many crops. Effects of heavy application of fertilizers and acid rain on the soil environment were studies from the viewpoint of both mineral chemistry and kinetic approach. Following results were obtained : 1) The rates of acidification of nonallophanic Andisols due to acid inputs from fertilization and precipitation of acid rain were much higher than those of allophonic Andisols. However, even in allophanic Andisols strong acidification was also found and aluminum toxicity was found in the roots of barley under those conditions. 2) KCl extracted Al from Fuji allophanic tea garden soils were partly originated in an organic pool and the remains were in amorphous aluminum sulfate precipitates and / or gibbsite. 3) Acidification of Andisols was reduced and thus Al toxicity of crops was alleviated by using both low acidulent fertilizer and controlled release fertilizers. 4) Mechanism of amelioration of Al toxicity by silicate fertilizers in acid Andisols was clarified to be due to the increase in soil pH rather than to the increase of silicon concentration in soil solution. Effects of phosphogypsum applied in the topsoil on the amelioration of subsoil acidity were also demonstrated. 5) Acidification of Japanese cultivated Andisols and significance of exchange acidity in their classification were examined with special reference to soil colloidal composition.

土壤酸度是限制许多作物根系生长的最严重的环境胁迫之一。本文从矿物化学和动力学两个方面研究了大量施肥和酸雨对土壤环境的影响。结果表明：（1）非脲基化的安地土由于施肥和酸雨降水的酸输入，其酸化速率远高于脲基化的安地土。然而，即使在脲基甲酸型土壤中也发现了强酸化，并且在这些条件下在大麦的根部中发现了铝毒性。2)KCl浸提的富士茶园土壤铝部分来源于有机库，其余以无定形硫酸铝沉淀物和三水铝石形式存在。3)低酸度肥料和控释肥料的施用可减少红壤的酸化作用，从而减轻作物的铝毒。4)阐明了硅肥改善酸性红壤铝毒的机理是由于提高了土壤pH值而不是土壤溶液中硅浓度的增加。同时，还研究了磷石膏对土壤酸度的影响。5)本文研究了日本人工栽培的安山岩的酸化作用及其交换酸度在分类中的意义，并特别提到土壤胶体组成。