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ESTABLISHMENT OF LOW COST NO-TILLAGE CULTIVATIONS AND INVENTION OF NEW CONTROLLED AVAILABILITY FERTILIZERS FOR THEM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

建立低成本免耕栽培并发明新型控制有效肥料，特别关注环境问题

基本信息

批准号：
06556011
负责人：
SAIGUSA Masahiko
金额：
$ 8.32万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

No-tillage (NT) cultivation of both rice and corn were conducted using controlled availability fertilizer (CAF) to reduce both labor costs and environmental degradation while maintaining high yields.Innovative rice cultivation methods was developed by using sigmoid type of CAF (POCUs-100 ; 100-days release duration-polyolefin coated urea) as a single basal application of total nitrogen in nursery box for the NT transplanting system. Brown rice yields of NT system with POCUs-100 in nursery box were statistically the same or grater than those of conventional tillage (CT) system with readily available fertilizer (RAF). Recoveries of basal POCUs-100-N of rice plants (73-83%) were much higher than those of RAF (20-39%) and thus reduced greatly environmental degradation caused from fertilizer. Further more, no-tilled direct seeding of rice without soil cover were developed using Y-shape furrow and CAF considering the dominant presence of poor drained paddy soils in north eastern Japan. Seedling establishment of rice was improved by using both Y-shape furrow and CAF in combination with POCUs-100 and Long 40 containing nitrate and ammonia.In dent corn cultivation, Co-situs application of CAF (POCU-30+POCU-70) and corn seeds in no-tillage system was studied in comparison with that of RAF and corn seeds. Emergence rate of corn seedling was more than 90% in CAF plot while that in RAF plot was less than 40% because of burning problem. The dry matter production of corn in NT with CAF was the same or greater than that in CT system applied both basal and top-dressed RAF.Therefore, it was concluded that NT with CAF in both rice and corn cultivation is innovative feasible method to reduce both labor and environmental degradation while maintaining high yield.

采用控制有效性肥料（CAF）进行水稻和玉米免耕（NT）栽培，以降低劳动力成本和环境退化，同时保持高产。创新的水稻栽培方法是使用S型CAF（POCU-100 ; 100天释放期-聚烯烃涂层尿素）作为NT移植系统苗圃箱中单次基施总氮。水稻糙米产量与常规耕作加速效肥相比，免耕加POCUs-100的水稻糙米产量差异不显著或显著高于常规耕作加速效肥的水稻糙米产量。水稻植株对POCU-100-N的基础回收率（73-83%）远高于RAF（20-39%），从而大大减轻了肥料对环境的破坏。此外，考虑到日本东北部主要存在排水不良的水稻土，利用Y形沟和CAF开发了无土覆盖的水稻免耕直播。采用Y型垄沟和CAF（POCU-100 +POCU-70）与含硝态氮和氨态氮的龙40配合，提高水稻成苗率，并与RAF（RAF）和玉米种子配合，研究了CAF（POCU-30+POCU-70）与玉米种子在玉米免耕栽培中的配合施用效果。CAF试验区玉米出苗率在90%以上，RAF试验区由于火烧问题出苗率不足40%。结果表明，在水稻和玉米两种栽培方式中，免耕+CAF的玉米干物质生产量与CT + RAF的相同或更高，是一种既能减少劳动强度，又能减少环境污染，同时又能保持高产的新技术。