General Understanding of Two-component Signal Transduction System

(A)根据拟南芥中细胞分裂素介导的磷酸化信号转导的详细记录，B型ARR家族的某些成员在主要由细胞分裂素受体（AHK）响应细胞分裂素而传播的调节网络中至关重要。本研究通过构建arr 10和arr 12双缺失突变体，对一对高度同源的ARR 10和ARR 12基因进行了研究。结果表明（A）ARR 10和ARR 12是在根中的AHK依赖的细胞分裂素信号传导中冗余地起作用的主要参与者。(B):在拟南芥中，开花时间是通过生物钟来调节的，生物钟测量日长并根据外部符合模型调节光周期CO-FT输出途径。然而，很少有人知道的主要时钟相关的TOCJ，CCAI和LHY基因和之间的遗传连锁。典型的CO-FT开花途径。通过采用 ...更多信息 一组突变体，包括一个极早开花的tocl ccal thy三突变体，在这里，我们表明，CCAI和LHY作为光周期开花途径的负调控冗余。本研究结果提示，昼夜节律钟可能在白天为光周期输出通路打开一个出口。(C):以构巢曲霉（Aspergillusnidulans）为模型真菌，首先整理了His-Asp磷酸化传递组分的完整列表，发现了15个His激酶（HK）基因、4个反应调节因子（RR）基因和1个含组氨酸的磷酸化传递中间体（HPt）基因。对于所有这些RR基因，构建了一组缺失突变体，以便为每个基因创建无效等位基因。当检查这些突变株，其中两个（指定为AsskA和AsrrA）表现出显着的表型的超敏反应的氧化应激（特别是，过氧化氢）。这些结果一起表明的生理重要性的His-Asp磷酸中继信号网络涉及SskA和SrrA的反应调节。少

(A): According to the well-documented scenario with regard to the cytokinin-mediated phosphorelay signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana, certain members of the type-B ARR family are crucially implicated in the regulatory networks that are primarily propagated by the cytokinin-receptors (AHKs) in response to cytokinin. Here we focused on a pair of highly homologous ARR10 and ARR12 genes by constructing an appropriate arr10 and arr12 double null mutant. The results suggested (A) that ARR10 and ARR12 are the prominent players that act redundantly in the AHK-dependent cytokinin signaling in roots.(B) : In Arabidopsis thaliana, the flowering time is regulated through the circadian clock that measures day-length and modulates the photoperiodic CO-FT output pathway in accordance to the external coincidence model. Nevertheless, little is known about the genetic linkage between the major clock associated TOCJ, CCAI, and LHY genes and the . canonical CO-FT flowering pathway. By employing a … More set of mutants including an extremely early flowering tocl ccal thy triple mutant, here we showed that CCAI and LHY act redundantly as negative regulators for the photoperiodic flowering pathway. The results of this study suggested that the circadian clock might open an exit for a photoperiodic output pathway during daytime.(C) : For a model filamentous fungi, Aspergillus nidulans, here we first compiled a whole list of His-Asp phosphorelay components, uncovering 15 genes for His-kinase (HK), 4 genes for response regulator (RR), and only one for histidine-containing phosphotransfer intermediate (HPt) . For all of these RR genes, a set of deletion mutants was constructed so as to create a null allele for each. When examined these mutant strains, two of them (designated as AsskA and AsrrA) showed a marked phenotype of hypersensitivity to oxidative stresses (particularly, hydrogen peroxide) .These results together are indicative of a physiological importance of the His-Asp phosphorelay signaling network involving the SskA and SrrA response regulators. Less