权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

The Formation and the Agenda of Cyclical Society in Asia

亚洲循环社会的形成和议程

基本信息

批准号：
16252001
负责人：
YOSHIDA Fumikazu
金额：
$ 13.98万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16252001/
关键词：
cyclical society Asia Recycle Trans-boundary movement Basel convention 循環型社会アジア経済廃家電 e-waste

项目摘要

In 2000, Japan promulgated the Basic Law for Establishing a Recycling-based Society and introduced a number of subsidiary laws related to it, thereby launching a series of initiatives to hold down the consumption of natural resources and reduce environmental burdens; but a serious problem here is that China's economic growth has induced a high demand for materials like ferrous scrap, waste paper, and waste plastic, whose prices therefore tend to rise. China is a "magnet" that attracts recyclable resources from Japan and greatly affects Japan's recycling systems. There are three problems.In the first place, China is short on resources yet has a plentiful supply of cheap labor, while Japan has relatively high labor costs and higher recycling costs. Continued economic growth in China will therefore continue to induce the outflow of recyclable resources from Japan.The second problem has to do with Japan's own domestic recycling systems. At least 90% of television sets and other consumer el … More ectronics are made in China and Southeast Asian countries, so even if CRTs were to be recovered and separated, the absence of CRT manufacturing plants in Japan means that the country lacks the very basis for domestic resource cycling operations.Thirdly, Japan's recycling systems are irrational in economic terms. For example, under the container and packaging waste recycling system, municipalities use taxes to collect, transport, and separate glass bottles, cans, PET bottles, and plastic containers, while contractors bear the costs for recycling; but at current prices PET bottles are collected as unmarketable wastes even though they are marketable, and taken to designated recycling centers. It is economically advantageous if glass bottles, cans, PET bottles, and plastic containers can be separated and recovered, but many municipalities collect them without separating them. A new approach must be considered, one which would involve collecting marketable wastes as such through group resource recovery and other means and by gradually reducing the collection of containers and packaging by municipalities, as this would lessen the percentage of waste management achieved through taxes. Less

2000年，日本颁布了《建立循环型社会基本法》，并出台了若干与之相关的附属法律，从而发起了一系列旨在抑制自然资源消耗和减轻环境负担的举措;但这里的一个严重问题是，中国经济的增长引发了对废铁、废纸、废塑料等材料的大量需求，其价格因此趋于上涨。中国是一块“磁铁”，吸引着日本的可回收资源，并极大地影响着日本的回收系统。问题有三，首先，中国资源短缺，但廉价劳动力供应充足，而日本劳动力成本相对较高，回收成本较高。因此，中国经济的持续增长将导致日本的可再生资源继续外流。第二个问题是日本国内的再生体系。至少90%的电视机和其他消费电子产品 ...更多信息电子产品主要在中国和东南亚国家生产，即使要回收和分离CRT，日本国内没有CRT生产厂，也缺乏国内资源循环利用的基础。第三，日本的循环利用体系在经济上不合理。例如，在容器和包装废物回收系统中，市政当局使用税收来收集、运输和分离玻璃瓶、罐头、PET瓶和塑料容器，而承包商承担回收费用;但在目前的价格下，PET瓶被收集为无法销售的废物，即使它们可以销售，并被送到指定的回收中心。如果玻璃瓶、罐头、PET瓶和塑料容器可以分离和回收，这在经济上是有利的，但是许多市政当局收集它们而不分离它们。必须考虑一种新的办法，通过集体资源回收和其他手段收集可出售的废物，并逐步减少市政当局收集的容器和包装，因为这将减少通过税收实现废物管理的百分比。少