Comparative Study in Social-economical Control of Soil & Groundwater Pollution

全国范围内的地下水污染应被认为是多种形式的地质污染的结果。尽管根据一些报道，近年来地下水污染一直在减少，但事实并非如此。特别是在城市地区，没有任何下降的迹象。本文首先按地区和工业部门对有机溶剂引起的地质污染进行了分类。本文总结了有关氯代有机物危害性的最新发现，并明确了在任何地质污染清理中必须考虑的四个重要特征。作者从全国和地方两方面调查了清理工作的现状和争议点，并指出，特别是在全国范围的调查中，体制问题尚未得到解决：“谁负责清理？、“谁来支付清理的费用？”等等。另一个问题是，土地所有者是否应该承担清理工作的责任。积极方面，作者介绍和分析了神奈川县滨野县地下水净化条例（日式超级基金）和千叶县开发的污染机制调查技术和资金援助制度等先进污染治理政策的特点。最后，在认识到地质污染的重要性和清理地质污染的重要性的同时，作者强调有必要制定一项将地下水和土壤污染问题及其清理工作结合起来的政策。

Groundwater pollution nationwide should be recognized as the out-come of a variety of forms of geo-pollution.Although groundwater pollution has, according to some reports, been on the wane in recent years, this is not so. In the urban areas especially, it shows no signs of decreasing.This paper, first of all, classifies the instances of geo-pollution that have been recognizably caused by organic solvents, bothh by regions and by industrial segments.The paper summarizes the newest discoveries about the harmfulness of chlorinated organic compounds, and makes clear four significant features that must be taken into account in any clean-up of geo-pollution. The author has investigated the present situation and the points at issue for the clean-up on both nationwide and local scales, and shows that, especially in the nationwide investigation, institutional problems have not yet been resolved : "Who is responsible for clean-up? ", "Who has to pay the cost of the clean-up? ", and so on. A further problem is whether or not the landowner should bear any responsiblity for the clean-up. On the positive side, the author introduces and analyzes the policy of advanced pollution abatement, adopted for example, by the Groundwater Clean-up Ordinance (Japanese type-Superfund) of Hadano is Kanagawa Pref., and the system developed by Chiba Pref., where the Pref.government gives both technical and financial assistance to the investigation of the pollution mechanism, and other features. In conclusion, while recognizing both the importance of geo-pollution and the significance of its clean-up, the author emphasizes the necessity for a policy which integrates the issues of groundwater and soil pollution as well as their clean-up.