Phylogeographical study of dipterocarp species and development of molecular database for identification of its origin.

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We have collected 920 individuals of 28 populations in Shorea leprosula throughout its distribution area such as Malaysia and Indonesia. In S.parvifolia, 404 individuals of 13 populations were collected from Malaysia and Indonesia. DNA markers for population samples were developed which are 40 loci of EST-SSR markers derived from cDNA sequence data. Intraspecific chloroplast DNA polymorphisms were screened of 17 regions of intergenic regions, and found 5 regions (trnD-trnT、petB intron、petL-psbE、psbJ-petA、rps16-trnK) were polymorphic in S.leprosula and 4 regions petL-psbE、psbJ-petA、rpl32-trnL、trnQ-rps16) in S.parvifolia. The result of nuclear DNA markers such as 34 loci of EST-SSRs showed clear genetic differentiation between Borneo and the other populations, although the Fst=0.0671 was low. The result of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) polymorphism showed much clear genetic differentiation between Borneo and the other populations, and 21 cpDNA haplotypes was found and the coefficient of genetic differentiation, Fst value was quite high, 0.5851. These results suggest that there were two different origins of current tropical forest in Southeast Asia. According to cpDNA results, region identification was possible but the identification of each population would be difficult by only DNA data.