Long-term molecular epidemiological studies on thyroid cancers around Chernobyl

为了弄清切尔诺贝利事故后儿童甲状腺癌迅速增加的直接原因及其对健康的影响，我们在国外同行的基础上成功地进行了分子流行病学的联合研究项目。特别是与WHO、NCRP、EU等国际辐射安全项目的深入合作，进一步加深了我们对辐射风险分析和管理的理解。我们继续从前苏联（白俄罗斯、乌克兰和俄罗斯）收集辐射受害者及其生物材料的数据，并提取DNA，对DNA进行进一步的SNP分析，包括DNA损伤修复酶等主要靶基因。我们的研究结果表明，一些SNPs模式与辐射相关的甲状腺癌，包括DNA损伤修复酶和抑癌基因的正相关。与此同时，我们还在切尔诺贝利组织库工作， 关于我们 财团计划。本研究利用切尔诺贝利核电站的放射性甲状腺癌标本，分析了放射性甲状腺癌的病理变化，发现不同年龄组的放射性甲状腺癌具有基因型-表型差异、潜伏期差异和组织学差异等临床病理特征。幸运的是，从复发率和死亡率的角度来看，非放射性和放射性甲状腺癌之间没有临床预后差异，这表明儿童甲状腺癌在适当治疗后预后相当好。目前正在利用从切尔诺贝利收集的样本进行全基因组关联研究，最后，我们利用自己的成果，积极参加世界卫生组织和其他国际会议，为修订辐射安全准则作出了贡献。除了外部辐射照射的风险外，放射性碘对新生儿和儿童的内部照射选择性地和具体地增加了辐射诱发的甲状腺癌的风险。因此，我们的研究进展有望为具有重大社会意义的核灾难预防措施和辐射安全标准指南提供基础数据。少

In order to clarify the direct cause of childhood thyroid cancers rapidly increased after the Chernobyl accident and its health consequences, we have successfully performed the joint research projects on molecular epidemiology on a basis of overseas' counterparts. Especially we could deeply commit to the international radiation safety programs with WHO, NCRP and EU and further deepened our understanding of radiation risk analysis and management with them. We have continued the collection of data on radiation-exposed victims and their biomaterials from the former USSR (Belarus, Ukraine and Russia), and extracted the DNAs which were subjected to further analysis of SNPs including the major target genes such as DNA damage repairing enzymes. Our results indicated the positive association of some SNPs pattern with radiation-associated thyroid cancers including DNA damage repairing enzymes and anti-oncogenes. Simultaneously we have worked at the Chernobyl Tissue Bank under the international … More consortium program. Using the samples collected from Chernobyl, we have analyzed the pathological changes of radiation-associated thyroid cancers and found the clinico-pathological characteristics such as genotype-phenotype difference by its different aged group, latency difference and histological difference. Fortunately there are no clinical prognostic difference between non-radiation and radiation-induced thyroid cancers at the standpoint of recurrence rate and mortality, suggesting a fairly good prognosis of childhood thyroid cancers after appropriate therapy. Now the genome wide association study is under investigation using the samples collected from Chernobyl.In conclusion, we have contributed to the revision of radiation safety guidelines on a basis of active participation on WHO and other international meetings using our own achievement. Besides the risk of external radiation exposure, internal exposure by radioactive iodines to neonate and children selectively and specifically increased the risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancers. Therefore our research progress can be expected to contribute to fundamental data on preventive measures of nuclear disaster and radiation safety standard guidelines that are also socially of a great significance. Less