Reception and Creation of "Things Japanese"

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The main purpose of this project is to see how "Things Japanese" were created in Japan and accepted in foreign countries at the end of the nineteenth century. In this project, I focused on the activity of Takashima Hokkai, a government official in Meiji era who became a Nihonga(Japanese painting) painter ; Takashima Hokkai. Through my investigations in Japan, France and US, I proved that he publicly demonstrated watercolour improvisational painting. I also compiled more than 200 visiting cards that Takashima collected during his stay in Europe which shed light on the European friendships he had formed. This study define the meaning of Takashima's activity as a modern Nihonga painter.