Constructing an organizational concept of practical nursing advocacy in a clinical setting

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In order to clarify the actual situation of advocacy related to cancer patients' self-determination of treatment methods, a questionnaire survey was conducted. As a result, the following five factors were identified : 'respect for patient individuality', 'mediation between patients and families', 'support correct patient understanding of treatment methods', 'mediation between patients and doctors', and 'coordinating joint conferences involving cancer-related medical experts'. Analysis of differences in nurse awareness and implementation of these five factors revealed significantly lower levels of implementation than awareness for all factors. The present findings suggest that there is insufficient implementation of the five identified advocacy factors despite nurses' awareness of advocacy for cancer patients' self-determination of treatment methods.