Palaeoecological investigations on the Bronze and Iron Age in the settlement area Konoplyanka in the southern Trans-Urals (Russia)

外乌拉尔山脉南部科诺普扬卡定居点青铜器和铁器时代的古生态学调查（俄罗斯）

• 批准号: 452793577
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Astrid Stobbe
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung III: Vor- und Frühgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/452793577?language=en
• 关键词: Palaeoecological; investigations; Bronze; Iron; Age

In the Eurasian steppe, mobile herding has been the traditional and extremely successful way of life for thousands of years, but recent findings of archaeobotanical research and isotope analysis have shown that the picture of exclusive pasture farming in prehistoric times must be viewed in a much more differentiated way. Some studies from Kazakhstan or Turkmenistan point at mixed agropastoral systems in the Bronze Age, which were very well adapted to the local social and ecological conditions and changed over time. In the southern Trans-Ural, too, mobile grazing was abandoned in the Middle Bronze Age and fortified permanent settlements were established during the Sintašta-Petrovka phase, but without evidence of arable farming. Open settlement structures are documented in this area until the Late Bronze Age, but are missing from the final Bronze Age and Iron Age. Within the interdisciplinary joint research with archaeology and genetics, the archaeobotanical/geoarchaeological project aims to reconstruct the ecological and economic situation in the face of physiographic factors such as climate and vegetation. The spread of agricultural patterns, the possible adaptation of cultivated plants and the general subsistence strategies in the Bronze Age are going to be investigated, assisted by isotope studies on human and faunal bones. The available archaeobotanical samples are unique for the Eurasian steppe in terms of quality and quantity, especially since representative investigations in the region usually suffer from poor source material. In contrast to many large-scale studies, a narrowly defined microregion will be investigated diachronically in order to identify specific developments and interrelationships in a targeted and high-resolution way. In the Konopljanka settlement cluster, plant spectra from settlement and burial contexts (kurgans) of the Middle and Late Bronze Age can be analysed over a period of about 500 years. In addition to fossil material, excellently preserved subfossil material from several well finds is also available. In an interdisciplinary approach and by means of numerous datings, it will also be assessed to what extent archaeological and genetic changes during the Bronze Age and the transition to the Iron Age correlate with climatic and environmental changes. The fossil bioindicators pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs from sediment cores from wetland archives form the respective proxies. In addition, systematic coring transects in the floodplain area will be used to investigate if basic topographic and ecological differences existed between the present fluvial landscape and that of the Bronze Age.

在欧亚大草原，移动的放牧是几千年来极为成功的传统生活方式，但最近的考古植物学研究和同位素分析结果表明，必须以更加不同的方式看待史前时期的专属牧场耕作。哈萨克斯坦或土库曼斯坦的一些研究指出，青铜时代的农牧混合系统非常适应当地的社会和生态条件，并随着时间的推移而发生变化。在南外乌拉尔地区，移动的放牧在青铜器时代中期被放弃，在辛塔什塔-彼得罗夫卡时期建立了坚固的永久定居点，但没有可耕地的证据。开放式定居结构在该地区的记录，直到青铜时代晚期，但从最后的青铜时代和铁器时代失踪。在考古学和遗传学的跨学科联合研究中，考古植物学/地质考古学项目旨在面对气候和植被等自然地理因素重建生态和经济状况。在人类和动物骨骼同位素研究的协助下，将调查青铜时代农业模式的传播、栽培植物的可能适应和一般生存策略。现有的考古植物学样本在质量和数量方面都是欧亚草原所独有的，特别是因为该地区的代表性调查通常缺乏原始材料。与许多大规模的研究相比，一个狭义的微区域将进行历时性研究，以确定具体的发展和相互关系，在一个有针对性的和高分辨率的方式。在Konopljanka定居点集群，植物光谱从解决和埋葬的背景（kalanans）的中期和晚期青铜时代可以分析超过一段时间约500年。除了化石材料外，还可以从几口井中找到保存完好的亚化石材料。通过跨学科的方法和大量的年代测定，还将评估青铜时代和过渡到铁器时代的考古学和遗传学变化与气候和环境变化的相关程度。化石生物指示剂花粉和非花粉palynomorphs从沉积物芯从湿地档案形成各自的代理。此外，在河漫滩地区的系统的取样断面将被用来调查，如果基本的地形和生态之间存在的差异，目前的河流景观和青铜时代。