Lifeworlds of the early first millennium BC in the western Zagros Mountains on the Lower Zab before and after the Assyrian annexation: The civil centre of the Dinka Settlement Complex in the Peshdar Plain

亚述吞并前后扎格罗斯山脉西部、下扎布地区的公元前一千年早期的生活世界：佩什达尔平原丁卡定居点的民事中心

• 批准号: 453121830
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Florian Janoscha Kreppner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Alte Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/453121830?language=en
• 关键词: Lifeworlds; early; first; millennium; BC

From 2015 to 2019, the interdisciplinary and international Peshdar Plain Project conducted nine excavation campaigns and four magnetometer prospections in a settlement inhabited from the Chalcolithic to the Sasanian period. During the Iron Age it reached its largest size of about 60 hectare. Its ancient name is currently unknown. Since the perimeter includes two previously identified archaeological sites, Qalat-i Dinka and Gird-i Bazar, we call it the Dinka Settlement Complex after the larger of the two places. Qalat-i Dinka is located in the Peshdar Plain on the upper stretches of the Lower Zab in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan, right on the border with Iran. Work concentrated on the Iron Age remains of a fortress on Qalat-i Dinka and small-scale residential and workshop buildings on the flat mound Gird-i Bazar which is part of the extensive lower town. In the area between Qalat-i Dinka and Gird-i Bazar, the magnetometer prospection revealed a densely build up settlement. Clearly recognizable is a lower town without an enclosure wall, whose street network and blocks of buildings are organized in a semicircle and oriented around Qalat-i Dinka. Numerous buildings are clearly visible and separated by streets and alleys. Nine 14C-samples from stratified contexts in all operations date the main occupation phase to the Iron Age II (1050-800 BC). Two Neo-Assyrian cuneiform script finds as well as three 14C-datings show that the Dinka Settlement Complex was still inhabited in the Iron Age III (800-600 BC). This application includes an excavation and evaluation programme planned for three years in a prominent part of the settlement. The magnetometer prospection and the results of a test trench excavated in 2017 revealed the remains of three important buildings (K: 280 m2, L: 800 m2, M: 650 m2) with storage facilities. The buildings were much larger and of a completely different character than the houses in Gird-i Bazar or the structures elsewhere visible in the lower town through the magnetometer prospection, which is probably why this is the civil centre. Buildings K, L and M are easily accessible without having been damaged by later erected tombs, modern constructions or plundering under the modern fields, but run the risk of being destroyed by ploughing as the ruins are preserved up to 20-25 cm below the surface. The excavation of the three buildings opens up the possibility to investigate for the first time for the Zagros region of North East Iraq and North West Iran a civil centre of an Iron Age large settlement before and during the period of the Assyrian takeover. The organization of the indigenous society in agriculture and livestock farming, the diet and material culture as well as the effects of the imperial Assyrian expansion on the life of the inhabitants of the Dinka Settlement Complex are the focus of our interest.

从2015年到2019年，跨学科和国际的Peshdar平原项目在一个从铜器时代到萨珊时期居住的定居点进行了九次挖掘活动和四次磁力计勘探。在铁器时代，它达到了大约60公顷的最大规模。其古代名称目前不详。由于周边包括两个先前确定的考古遗址，Qalat-i Dinka和Gird-i Bazar，我们称之为丁卡定居点综合体，以两个地方中较大的一个命名。Qalat-i Dinka位于伊拉克库尔德斯坦Zagros山脉Lower Zab上游的Peshdar平原，与伊朗接壤。工作集中在Qalat-i Dinka的一个堡垒的铁器时代遗迹和平坦的土堆Gird-i Bazar上的小规模住宅和作坊建筑，这是广泛的下城的一部分。在Qalat-i Dinka和Gird-i Bazar之间的地区，磁力计勘探显示有一个密集的定居点。可以清楚地辨认出一个没有围墙的下城，其街道网络和建筑物街区组织成一个半圆形，围绕着Qalat-i Dinka。许多建筑物清晰可见，并被街道和小巷分开。在所有作业中，从分层环境中提取的9个14 C样本将主要占领阶段确定为铁器时代II（公元前1050-800年）。两个新亚述楔形文字的发现以及三个14 C测年表明，丁卡人定居点在铁器时代III（公元前800-600年）仍然有人居住。这项申请包括计划在定居点的一个突出部分进行为期三年的挖掘和评估方案。磁力计勘探和2017年挖掘的一条测试沟的结果揭示了三个重要建筑物的遗迹（K：280 m2，L：800 m2，M：650 m2）和存储设施。这些建筑物比Gird-i Bazar的房屋或通过磁力计勘探在下城其他地方可见的建筑物大得多，并且具有完全不同的特征，这可能就是为什么这里是民事中心。K、L和M号建筑物很容易进入，没有被后来建造的坟墓、现代建筑或现代田野下的掠夺破坏，但由于废墟保存在地表以下20-25厘米处，因此有被犁毁的风险。这三座建筑物的挖掘为首次调查伊拉克东北部和伊朗西北部扎格罗斯地区的一个铁器时代大型定居点的民事中心提供了可能性。土著社会在农业和畜牧业方面的组织、饮食和物质文化以及亚述帝国扩张对丁卡定居点居民生活的影响是我们感兴趣的重点。