Analysis and risk assessment of intestinal inflammation induced by food-containing nanoparticles.

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The present study investigated the cytotoxicity, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine induced by nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO particles using human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) and human colon cancer cells (Caco-2). The viability of THP-1 macrophages exposed to nano-ZnO was lower than that to nano-TiO2 THP-1. The production of ROS and IL-1βshowed a tendency to be increased by nano-TiO2 particles. This study indicated that nano-TiO2 particles may induce inflammation in THP-1 macrophages through production of ROS and IL-1β, and nano- ZnO particles were suggested to be more toxic to THP-1 macrophages than nano-TiO_2 .