COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL AND LABOUR MARKET

本研究利用在欧洲11个国家和日本进行的大学毕业生调查数据，分析了高等教育与毕业生就业过渡的关系。近年来，高等教育和工作之间的关系在发达国家引起了相当大的关注，由于几种情况。在过去十年中，日本和欧洲国家的高等教育入学率都有所提高，这被称为“普及化”或“普及化”。另一方面，知识经济和社会经济全球化已经发展。因此，欧洲和日本的研究小组联合进行了一项关于第一学位毕业生的比较研究。最后，1999年获得了35 000多名毕业生的数据。本研究分三个步骤进行：1）评估各种决策 ...更多信息 （2）把握高等教育经验的多样性;（3）用高等教育经验的各种因素来解释转型结果，包括国家背景差异的多层次指标。分析的重点是日本人对大学毕业生在毕业后的职业活动中似乎没有很好地运用大学学习中获得的知识的担忧。首先，日本毕业生在就业顺利性方面表现出比欧洲毕业生更好的过渡结果，但在知识利用方面表现出更差的结果。其次，日本毕业生入学年龄较低，学习时间较短，学习前和学习期间的工作经验都比许多欧洲国家的毕业生少。第三，在日本，知识利用率低的主要原因是在学习期间工作经验较少和毕业年龄较低。从这些研究结果来看，在日本，鼓励包括实习计划在内的高等教育中的工作经验，并仔细评估大学毕业生所具备的、在职业生涯的进一步发展中有用的能力，似乎是非常重要的。少

Utilising university graduates survey data conducted in eleven Europe countries and Japan, this research has analyzed the relationship between higher education and graduates' transition to work. In recent years, the relationship between higher education and work has attracted considerable attention in developed countries due to several circumstances. The enrolment ratio in higher education has increased in Japan as well as in European countries during the last decade, which is expressed as "massification" or "universalisation". On the other hand, the knowledge-based economy and socio-economic globalisation have developed. Then the requirements for human resource, the recruitment practices and the graduates' careers are changing.Thus European and Japanese researchers groups have jointly conducted a comparative study of graduates with the first degree. Finally, more than 35,000 graduates data were obtained in 1999. This research project proceeds as three steps ; 1) evaluating various dim … More ensions of transition outcomes of twelve countries' graduates, 2) grasping the varieties of higher education experiences and 3) explaining the transition outcomes by various factors of higher education experiences, including multi-level indexes of country's contextual differences. The focus of this analysis are consisted deeply from Japanese concerns, how university graduates are seeming not to use well knowledge acquired during university study in the occupational activities after graduation.Several considerations can be drawn from this study. First, Japanese graduates show better transition outcomes in terms of smoothness to find employment than European counterparts, but worse in terms of the knowledge utilization. Secondly, Japanese graduates have enrolled at younger age and finished in shorter duration of study, with fewer work experiences both before and during study than many European countries' graduates. Thirdly, the low levels of knowledge utilization in Japan are mostly explained by both the fewer work experiences during the study and the younger graduation age. From these findings, it seems quite important in Japan to encourage work experiences in higher education including internship programs, and to evaluate carefully the competences which university graduates are bearing and would become useful at the further stage of their career. Less