Reseach on Career Formation of Female Graduates of Universities and Colleges and Career Guidance

本研究旨在分析和探讨(1)当前高校女毕业生的就业和职业形成情况，(2)用人单位对女毕业生的招聘和人事管理做法，以及(3)高校对女毕业生的职业指导等方面的问题。本研究对企业人事管理部进行了一次问卷调查，共发出1997.603封邮件，收到99份回复。调查问卷包含了一系列与人事管理相关的问题，如1)基本特征2)按教育程度和性别划分的员工构成3)招聘应届中小学毕业生和大学毕业生4)鼓励女性员工发展的政策5)按教育程度和性别划分的员工晋升和流动率6)阻碍她们充分发展职业生涯的问题一些主要发现是，三分之一的公司否认在职业发展和大学毕业生晋升方面存在任何性别差异，但其他三分之一的公司承认了其中的显著性别差异。许多受访者，主要是人事管理高级人员指出了女性个人方面的问题，许多女性员工对晋升没有什么抱负，避免搬到长途办公室。

The purpose of this study is to analyze and discuss (1) the employment and career formation of female graduates of universities today, (2) employer's practices on recruitment and personnel management for them, and (3) the career guidance and other aspects of universities and colleges for assisting them on their careers.One questionnaire survey of personnel management division of firms was carried out in 1997.603 mails were sent and 99 responses were received. Questionnaire consists of a wide rage of personnel management related questions as following.1) basic characteristics of firm2) employee's composition by education and sex3) the recruitment of new school and college graduates4) policies to encourage female workers to develop their careers5) promotion and turnover rates of employee by education and sex6) problems preventig them from fully career developmentsSome of major findings are that one-third firms deny any gender differences on the career developments and the promotion among university and college graguates, but that other one-third firms reconize substantial gender differences in them. Many respondents, mainly personnel management senior staff points out problems on the side of individual female, that many female employee would have few aspiration toward promotion and avoid a move to a long distant office.