Surveys and Research for the Submerged Sites in Genkai Sea

玄海海底遗迹的调查与研究

• 批准号: 10410094
• 负责人: NISHITANI Tadashi
• 金额: $ 6.85万
• 依托单位: Kyushu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10410094/
• 关键词: Genkai Sea; Submerged Site; Underwater Archaeology; Hakata Bay; Trading Vessel; Sunken Vessel; Side-Scan-Sonar; Sub-Bottom Profiler; サブボトム・プロフャイラー

There have been few archaeological evidences from the sea to show in detail the interchange relations. Under the circumstance, the discipline of underwater archeology is to obtain preciously the processes such as search and discovery of the submerged sites, and archaeological surveys following. If these processes are accomplished during the research, our research will be expected as an important step for underwater archaeology in Japan. Therefore, the field chosen as a purpose of the research is Genkai Sea lying between the Korean peninsula and the northern Kyushu. This sea has been thought as a suitable field to understand the traces of various activities for human beings by the method of underwater archaeology at the bottom of the sea.This time, it has paid attention especially to this field, because the information which a sunken vessel seen at the bottom was brought by a former professional diver. The diver who salvaged sunken steel vessels in the late 1950's in Genkai Sea saw a wo … More oden vessel buried in the sand. Along with the vessel, he saw ceramics, pithos, anchor stocks, and ink-stone as well. These artifacts can be identified to some extent with their belonged countries, regions or periods. Therefore, our researh of so-called, the sunken trading vessel as archaeological remain has been carried out.The surveys of the first phase were carried out in the first season of 1994 through third season of 1997 by Kyushu Okinawa Society for Underwater Archaeology, and after these campaigns finished, a new phase of the survey with a grant from the Science Research-Funds started in 1998 and continued until 2000 by Department of Archaeology, Kyushu University. The preliminary survey is to identify the Hikosan-maru, which was a steel vessel sunken 4.5km northeast of the island of Genkai-jima in 1936 ; finding this ship is key to search a wooden vessel. The Hikosan-maru was found in third season of 1997. In the fourth season of 1998, six survey grids (1A,1B,2A,2B,3A,3B) were set at the site which the Hikosan-maru sunk ; one grid is 1800X1800m in width, and three grids such as 2A, 2B, and 3A were especially chosen for the survey with Side-Scan Sonar, Sub-Bottom Profiler, and Remotely Operated Vehicle(ROV). Differential-Global Positioning System (DGPS) was also used for recoding the location of a research vessel. Sixty-two anomalies were selected for a most likely medieval trading vessel. These points were recorded as a state coordinate (X Y), latitude and longitude, and the form in the location (a distance, compass angle, and direction), which is based on centering the Hikosan-maru. Thirty-two of these anomalies including "object 3" were proved not belonging to the wooden vessel, and rest of thirty was left for the next season.In the fifth season of 1999, twenty-seven additional anomalies including "point 27" were selected from the data recorded in the 1997 through 1998 season. ROV of this season often broke down during the survey. Therefore, all anomalies could not be identified except for five.Five campaigns for the survey of medieval wooden vessel in Cenkai Sea have been done but we have not yet found the sunken vessel as archaeological remain. This survey will have to be continued. Less

很少有来自海上的考古证据来详细显示交换关系。在这种情况下，水下考古学的学科是获得宝贵的过程，如搜索和发现的水下遗址，并随后进行考古调查。如果在研究过程中完成这些过程，我们的研究将有望成为日本水下考古学的重要一步。因此，作为研究目的选择的领域是位于朝鲜半岛和北方九州之间的玄海。这片海域一直被认为是一个适合用海底考古的方法来了解人类各种活动痕迹的领域，这次特别关注这一领域，因为在海底看到的一艘沉船的信息是由一位前专业潜水员带来的。20世纪50年代末，在玄海打捞沉没的钢铁船只的潜水员看到了一个世界。 ...更多信息 被埋在沙子里的关东容器。沿着，他还看到了陶器、石坑、锚杆和砚台。这些文物可以在一定程度上与其所属的国家，地区或时期进行识别。第一阶段的调查是由九州冲绳水下考古学会于1994年第一季度至1997年第三季度进行的，这些调查结束后，1998年，九州大学考古学系利用科学研究基金的赠款开始了一个新的调查阶段，一直持续到2000年。初步调查是为了确定1936年在玄海岛东北4.5公里处沉没的钢制船只“彦山丸”，找到这艘船是寻找木船的关键。1997年第三季发现了“彦山丸”。1998年第四季度在“彦山丸”沉没地点设置了6个调查网格（1A、1B、2A、2B、3A、3B），其中1个网格宽1800 × 1800 m，并特别选择了2A、2B、3A等3个网格，分别用侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面仪和遥控潜水器进行调查。差分全球定位系统（DGPS）也被用于记录研究船的位置。62个异常点被选为最有可能的中世纪贸易船。这些点被记录为状态坐标（X Y），纬度和经度，以及位置的形式（距离，罗盘角度和方向），这是基于对Hikosan-maru的中心。1999年第五季，从1997 ~ 1998年第五季的资料中，又选出了包括“27点”在内的27个异常。这个季节的机器人在调查期间经常出故障。因此，除了五个异常外，其他异常都无法识别。对森凯海中世纪木船的调查已经进行了五次，但我们尚未发现沉船作为考古遗迹。这项调查将继续进行。少

项目成果

西谷 正: "九州・沖縄の水中考古学"日本学術会議九州・沖縄地区ニュース. NO.90. 2-3 (1999)

西谷正：“九州和冲绳的水下考古”日本九州和冲绳地区科学委员会新闻第 90 号（1999 年）。