AN INTERGRATED STUDY OF MEGALITHIC DOLMENS IN EAST ASIA

东亚巨石支石墓的综合研究

• 批准号: 06401010
• 负责人: NISHITANI Tadashi
• 金额: $ 9.79万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06401010/
• 关键词: EASTERN ASIA; DOLMEN; YAYOI CULTURE; BURIAL

Firstly, in the fiscal year of 1994, we held regular megalithic dolmen research meetings and undertook the compilation and analysis of data from megalithic dolmens of the various East Asian regions. In the case of Japan, in addition to compiling analysis results of dolmens in Nagasaki and Kumamoto Prefectures (**・***), we also set about preparing a table of the locations of Japanese megalithic dolmens. In the case of the Korean Peninsula (****), we classified and then did chronological studies of dolmens throughout the entire peninsula. In addition to attempting classification and chronological studies of dolmens in the northeastern provinces of Liaoning (***) and Jilin (***), which comprise the main distribution area in mainland China we also examined the present condition of dolmens in Zhejiang Province (***) in the lower Changjiang River (******) basin.Secondly, we carried out an excavation survey of the Amakubo (*****) megalithic dolmen group located in Amakubo, Saikai-cho, Nishiso … More nogi-gun, Nagasaki Prefecture (*************). Firstly, when we carried out a distribution survey of the entire periphery, we found that the dolmens formed two major groups, which for convenience sake we named the east and west group. In the so-called east group we found three of what are thought to be dolmet capstones dotted in the center of the burial ground. In addition to a topographical survey of the area, the locations of the dolmens were clarified and 10 : 1 plans of 3 dolmens were drawn up. A group of burials comprising box-shaped stone coffin burials and megalithic dolmens was recognized in the west group. Dolmens were found in two locations within that group, 2 to the north and 1 to the south. The single dolmen to the south had already been moved from its original position, but the 2 northern dolmens were found to be existing in approximately their original positions. For that reason, a survey of the latter 2 was launched beginning with a topographical survey of the environs. When the capstones were subsequently removed to excavated the lower sections, we discovered the burial facilities of these diomens consisted of small stone coffins. To investigate for the presence or absence of archaeological features and their contents, a trench was dug on the south side of the dolmen.In 1995 also, as a continuation from the previous fiscal year, regular dolmen research meetings were held, megalithic dolmens in the East Asian regions, such as mainland China, the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago, were analyzed and compiled, and and a comprehensive comparative investigation of a mumber of problems, such as their nutual similarities and differences, was undertaken.We then excavated the Morita megalithic dolmen group (Morita Shisekibogun) located in Uki, Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture (Saga-ken Karatsu-shi Uki). On this occasion, a topographical survey was done which allowed us to to grasp the distribution and geographical conditions of the group. As a result, we found that although the capstones had been slightly moved and damaged due to farmland development, we were able to reconfirm that the existing dolmens do in fact form a single group, making this a rare example. Measurements were also made of the individual capstones. The burial facilities of two of these capstones were then investigated. Although the capstones had been slightly moved, we were able to verify part of the dolmen and the burial facilities. In contrast to the Amakubo site (Amakubo Iseki) in Nagasaki Prefecture (Nagasaki-ken) which we excavated during the last fiscal year where we found that the lower structure of the dolmen consisted of a small box-shaped stone coffin, we found a small-scale earthen pit at this site. In addition, we also detected a small coffin consisting of a pottery pot and jar belonging to the period with notched ridge ware, which were fitted together mouth to mouth. The knowledge gained from these two sites will be helpful when considering regional differences in the lower structure of dolmens. Considering the fact that the Morita dolmen group (Morita Shisekibogun) is adjacent to the western mound of the site of Ukikunden (Ukikunden Iseki) from the beginning of the Yayoi period, this could be considered that site's burial ground. As seen from the above, we were able to obtain information important to the understanding of the aspects of the burial systems in Northern Kyushu at the beginning of the Yayoi period as a result of this investigation.Lastly, in the fiscal year of 1996, which was the final year of our 3 year research plan, we worked with the principal objective of making a comprehensive compilation of the investigation results from the previous two years. For this reason, we reanalyzed the enormous amount of data collected in addition to writing a report of our research results. During this time, we held the 15th and final megalithic dolmen research meeting. On that occasion we supplemented research concerning dolmens on the Lioadong Peninsula (Riyaoton hantou) in China, the southwestern coast of Korea and Jeju Island (Saisyutou), and grasped the present conditions of research into small ritual offering jars which are important artefacts uncarthed from Japanese megalithic dolmens. Less

首先，在1994财政年度，我们定期召开巨石柱研究会议，并对东亚各地区巨石柱的数据进行了汇编和分析。以日本为例，除了编制长崎和熊本县（**·***）的石碑分析结果外，我们还着手编制日本巨石石碑位置表。以韩半岛（****）为例，我们对整个半岛的石碑进行了分类，然后进行了年代研究。除了对中国大陆主要分布地区东北辽宁（***）和吉林（***）的白云石进行分类和年代学研究外，还对长江下游（******）流域浙江（***）的白云石现状进行了考察。其次，我们对位于长崎县西西索…More nogi郡的天久保（*************）的天久保（*****）巨石墓群进行了挖掘调查。首先，在对整个外围进行分布调查时，我们发现石碑形成了两大群，为方便起见，我们将其命名为东群和西群。在所谓的东部群中，我们发现了三个被认为是圆顶顶石的东西，点缀在墓地的中心。除了对该地区进行地形调查外，还明确了石碑的位置，并绘制了3个石碑的10:1平面图。在西组发现了一组由箱形石棺和巨石墓组成的墓葬。石碑在该群体的两个地点被发现，两个在北方，一个在南方。南部的单个石碑已经从原来的位置移动了，但北部的两个石碑却几乎在原来的位置上存在。因此，对后两个城市的调查从对周边地区的地形调查开始。当顶石随后被移走以挖掘较低的部分时，我们发现这些diomens的埋葬设施由小型石棺组成。为了调查考古特征的存在与否及其内容，人们在墓室的南侧挖了一条沟。1995年，作为上一财政年度的延续，还定期举行了石碑研究会议，对东亚地区，如中国大陆、朝鲜半岛和日本群岛的巨石石碑进行了分析和汇编，并对一些问题进行了全面的比较调查，例如它们的相互相似性和差异性。随后，我们在佐贺县（Saga-ken Karatsu-shi Uki）的Uki市挖掘了森田巨石石棺群（Morita Shisekibogun）。在这次活动中，我们做了地形调查，使我们能够掌握该群体的分布和地理条件。结果，我们发现，尽管顶石因农田开发而略有移动和损坏，但我们能够再次确认现有的碑石实际上是一个单一的群体，这是一个罕见的例子。还对各个顶点进行了测量。然后对其中两个顶石的埋葬设施进行了调查。虽然顶石有轻微的移动，但我们能够验证部分墓葬和埋葬设施。上个财政年度，我们在长崎县（Nagasaki-ken）的天久保遗址（Amakubo isiski）发现了一个小盒子形的石棺，与之形成对比的是，我们在这个遗址发现了一个小型的土坑。此外，我们还发现了一个小棺材，由一个陶器罐和一个属于缺口脊器时期的罐子组成，它们是口对口组装在一起的。从这两个地点获得的知识将有助于考虑石碑下部结构的区域差异。考虑到从弥生时代开始，森田石门群（森田Shisekibogun）毗邻浮昆登遗址（浮昆登石理）的西部土丘，这里可以被认为是该遗址的墓地。从上面可以看出，通过这次调查，我们能够获得对了解弥生时代初期九州北部埋葬制度方面的重要信息。最后，在1996财政年度，这是我们三年研究计划的最后一年，我们的主要目标是对前两年的调查结果进行全面汇编。因此，除了撰写研究结果报告外，我们还对收集到的大量数据进行了重新分析。在此期间，我们举行了第15次也是最后一次巨石石洞研究会议。在此期间，对中国辽东半岛（辽东汉头）、韩国西南海岸、济州岛（塞思鱼头）等地的石碑研究进行了补充，并掌握了日本巨石石碑中重要出土文物小祭罐的研究现状。少