Development of school environment scales for teachers to improve their classroom

近年来，人们开发了许多工具来评估儿童和教师的课堂环境。在许多国家，教师使用这些心理工具来理解和改进他们的课堂。在我国，课堂环境量表被用来考察学校规模、开放性等特征对学生行为的影响。我们有几个这类工具应用于课堂管理的例子。我们澄清了学生对课堂的认知与学校特点和学生不适应行为有密切关系。例如，教师指导推动圈子活动和学生协会活动，往往会缓解中学课堂的“孤独”和促进“促进”。严格的学校纪律和引导表现出与学生较高的“秩序”意识的关系。无人值守的S同学比一般同学表现出更强的“孤独感”和更低的“对老师的依恋”。犯罪学生的“疏离感”较强，开放教育方面，开放学校学生对课堂活动的“秩序”意识、“参与”意识和学习动机均高于传统学校学生，小学开放空间似乎得到了有效利用。开放空间的使用因学校不同而有所不同。我们必须告诉教师如何以适当的方式使用开放空间。对小学生在开放空间学习中的行为分析给了我们许多重要的发现。我们必须研究事实，以开发有用的工具来改善教室。

Recently many instruments have been developed to assess classroom environment for children and teachers. In many countries, teachers use these psychological instruments to understand and improve their classes. In our country, classroom environment scales have been used to examine he effects of school traits such as size, openness, and the like on students' behavior. We have a few examples that this kind of instrument is used for classroom management.We have clarified that students' cognition of their classroom has a close relationship with school traits and students maladjusted behavior.For example, teacher's guidance to promote activities for circles and student association tend to ease "solitude" and to facilitate "facilitation" in secondary school classrooms. Strict school discipline and guidance show the relationship with student higher awareness of "order." Non-attendant s udents show stronger "solitude," and lower "affiliations to teachers" than students in general do. Delinquent students have strong feeling of "alienation."As for open education, open school pupils showed the higher awareness of "order" and "participation" to class activities, and learning motivation than traditional school pupils did.Open plan spaces in elementary schools seem to be used effectively. The usage of open space is different from school to school. We have to give teachers how to use open spaces in appropriate manner. Analysis of pupils' behavior in open space learning gives us many important findings. We have to examine the facts to develop useful instruments to improve classrooms.