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Study on Fate and Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Hard-decompositive Toxic Chemicals in Ecosystems

难分解有毒化学品在生态系统中的归宿及生态毒性评价研究

基本信息

批准号：
10480127
负责人：
AOYAMA Isao
金额：
$ 6.46万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Pullution of ecosystems by dioxine, agricultural chemicals etc. has become recognized to be an global and very serious issues on a matter of life or death of mankind.The object of this study is to analyze the fate and to evaluate ecotoxicity toxic chemicals released into environments. We clarified the origin of toxic chemicals, the fate of chemicals in an aquatic ecosystem, ecotoxicity, antifouling chemicals in the Inland Sea of Seto and interaction effects of chemicals.At first, we took up the landfill leachate of industrial wastes and evaluated cytotoxicity, genetic toxicity, endocrine disruption. Cytotoxicity for swimming inhibition of Daphnia magna was determined for all sampling cites of leachates. We determined genetic toxicity from a few sampling cites. However, endocrine disrupting effect was determined from 40 fold concentrated leachates of almost all sites. We examined the fate of toxic organic-chemicals along a river in Okayama Prefecture. Hard-dissolved chemicals by water w … More as adsorbed to river sediments and existed more in sediments than in water. Therefore, the toxicity of sediments was stronger than that of water.The quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis was performed for 13 kinds of Chlorophenols using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The relationships were established between EC50's and a number of molecular proparties. When molecular parameters were used alone, there were high correlations for octanol-water partition coefficient, These results showed that QSAR is a very effective tool in predicting the toxicity of chlorophenols to Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as to other organisms. Interactive effects among heavy metals and agricultural chemicals, Imidacloprid, were investigated using Daphnia magna. Synergistic and antagonistic effects were observed for heavy metals. Antagonistic and additive effects were observed for Imidacloprid and heavy metals. We could get a high correlation between a traditional swimming inhibition test and a newly developed mobility inhibition test using D. magna. Recently a new antifouling agent Irgarol 1051 has been used. It was found that the Inland Sea of Seto has already been polluted by the new antifouling agent. The decomposed chemicals M1 of irgarol 1051 was also determined in the sea water. The toxicity of the daughter chemicals was weaker than the parent chemicals, but it had hard disintegration. It suggested that the daughter chemicals M1 should be taken care for environmental pollution of sea water in the long run. Less

二恶英、农药等有毒化学品对生态系统的污染已成为一个全球性的、关系到人类生死存亡的严重问题，本研究的目的是分析有毒化学品释放到环境中的归趋，评价其生态毒性。本研究首先对工业废弃物填埋场渗滤液进行了细胞毒性、遗传毒性和内分泌干扰的评价，并对化学物质在濑户内海中的毒性、生物毒性和相互作用进行了研究。测定了各采样点渗滤液对大型蚤游泳抑制的细胞毒性。我们从几个采样点确定了遗传毒性。然而，内分泌干扰作用确定从40倍浓缩的沥滤液几乎所有网站。我们研究了冈山县一条河流沿着有毒有机化学物质的命运。水难溶化学品w ...更多信息吸附在河流沉积物中，在沉积物中的存在比在水中多。利用酿酒酵母对13种氯酚类化合物进行了定量构效关系分析。建立了EC_（50）与一些分子前体之间的关系。当单独使用分子参数时，正辛醇-水分配系数的相关性很高。这些结果表明，QSAR是预测氯酚类化合物对酿酒酵母以及其他生物毒性的一个非常有效的工具。以大型蚤（Daphnia magna）为实验材料，研究了农药吡虫啉与重金属的交互作用.对重金属有协同和拮抗作用。吡虫啉和重金属具有拮抗和相加作用。用D. magna.最近使用了一种新的杀菌剂Irgarol 1051。结果发现，濑户的内海已经被新的杀虫剂污染。还在海水中测定了Irgarol 1051的分解物M1。子体化合物的毒性比母体化合物弱，但崩解性差。从长远来看，M1对海水环境的污染应引起重视。少