Effects of Acid Rain on Ecosystems, and Their Evaluation and Control

酸雨对生态系统的影响及其评价与控制

• 批准号: 03202233
• 负责人: AOYAMA Isao
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03202233/
• 关键词: Acid rain; Chemical and statistical analysis; Suspended particulate; Acid injuries of leaves; Absorption of metals; Al stress; variation of tolerance; Effects on woody plants

Acid rain have disturbed aquatic ecosystems and also forests. It has been one of the serious and global environmental issues. This project is composed of 11 themes and it is classified into the following 4 subjects ; (1) Chemical analysis of acid rain and suspended particles, (2) Chemical change in quality of rhizosphere by acid rain, (3) Physical, ecological and genetic effects of acid rain on higher plants, and (4) Soil improvement by lime treatment. In subject (1), acid rains were analyzed for every 1mm precipitation for 5 years, and statistical analysis was done. In subject (2), elution of soil components by artificial acid rain was measured for 10 samples taken around Kurashiki. In subject (3), as one of the direct effect of acid rain on plant, discoloration of the petal in morning glory observed at pH 4.5 or less. The absorption of microelements ( Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni ) with excited barley roots under various pH conditions was investigated, using a multicompotment transport box model. Effect of Al and Cb ions solubilized in acidic soils on the ratio of germination and rooting of barley was investigated.Physiological response of plants to Aluminum stress was also investigated. H+ transport activities of the tonoplast may play a key role in either the exchange of Al ions for H+ or in maintaining homeostasis of H+ in the cytoplasm. Specific and varietal variation of tolerance to acidity in 731 wheat and 736 barley cultivars were examined. Effect of the acid rain on some physiological properties such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal diffusive resistance and transpiration rate of several woody plants were investigated. In the subject (4), it was found that the lime treatment to acidified soil depressed the release of heavy metals.

酸雨破坏了水生生态系统，也破坏了森林。它已成为严重的全球性环境问题之一。本计画共分十一个专题，分为下列四个主题：（1）酸雨与悬浮粒子的化学分析;（2）酸雨对根际环境质量的化学改变;（3）酸雨对高等植物的物理、生态与遗传效应;（4）石灰改良土壤。课题（1）对5年每1 mm降水量的酸雨进行了分析，并进行了统计分析。在课题（2）中，测定了仓敷市周围10个土壤样品的人工酸雨淋溶。在课题（3）中，作为酸雨对植物的直接影响之一，牵牛花花瓣在pH4.5或更低的条件下出现变色现象，用多组分运输箱模型研究了不同pH条件下激发大麦根系对微量元素（Fe，Mn，Zn，Cd，Ni）的吸收。研究了酸性土壤中铝离子和镉离子对大麦发芽率和生根率的影响，以及植物对铝胁迫的生理反应。液泡膜的H+运输活动可能在铝离子交换H+或维持H+在细胞质中的稳态中起关键作用。对731份小麦和736份大麦品种的耐酸性进行了研究。研究了酸雨对几种木本植物光合速率、气孔扩散阻力和蒸腾速率等生理特性的影响。在主题（4）中，发现对酸化土壤进行石灰处理抑制了重金属的释放。

项目成果

Hideaki Matumoto: "PlantーSoil Interactions at Low pH" Kluwer Academic Publishers, 12 (1991)

Hideaki Matumoto：“低 pH 值下的植物-土壤相互作用”Kluwer 学术出版社，12 (1991)

Shigeki Muramoto and Isao Aoyama: "Effect of Fertirizers on the Vicissitude of Cadmium Content in Rice." J. Environ. Sci. Health. A25. 629-635 (1991)

Shigeki Muramoto 和 Isao Aoyama：“化肥对水稻镉含量变化的影响”。

Isao Aoyama and Hideo Okamura: "Intractive Toxic Effect and Bioconcentration between Cadmium and Chromium Using Continuous Algae Culture." Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality.

Isao Aoyama 和 Hideo Okamura：“利用连续藻类培养研究镉和铬的毒性效应和生物富集。”

Isao Aoyama and Hisao Nishizaki: "Uptake of Nitrogen and Phosphate,and Water Purificatioan Capacity by Water Hyacinth(Eichhornia crasipes(Mart.)solms)." Proc.of 3rd IAWPRC Regional Conference Asian Waterqual. '91 in Shanghai,Chaina.VII19-VII24 (1991)

Isao Aoyama 和 Hisao Nishizaki：“水葫芦（Eichhornia crasipes（Mart.）solms）对氮和磷的吸收以及水净化能力。”

Kazuyoshi Kimura: "Drying rate of leaves detached from plants after rainfall expose." Agrc. Met. Chugoku & Shikoku. 3. 15-18 (1991)

Kazuyoshi Kimura：“暴露在降雨后从植物上脱落的叶子的干燥率。”