Effects of Acid Rain on Ecosystems, and Their Evaluation and Control

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Acid rain have disturbed aquatic ecosystems and also forests. It has been one of the serious and global environmental issues. This project is composed of 11 themes and it is classified into the following 4 subjects ; (1) Chemical analysis of acid rain and suspended particles, (2) Chemical change in quality of rhizosphere by acid rain, (3) Physical, ecological and genetic effects of acid rain on higher plants, and (4) Soil improvement by lime treatment. In subject (1), acid rains were analyzed for every 1mm precipitation for 5 years, and statistical analysis was done. In subject (2), elution of soil components by artificial acid rain was measured for 10 samples taken around Kurashiki. In subject (3), as one of the direct effect of acid rain on plant, discoloration of the petal in morning glory observed at pH 4.5 or less. The absorption of microelements ( Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni ) with excited barley roots under various pH conditions was investigated, using a multicompotment transport box model. Effect of Al and Cb ions solubilized in acidic soils on the ratio of germination and rooting of barley was investigated.Physiological response of plants to Aluminum stress was also investigated. H+ transport activities of the tonoplast may play a key role in either the exchange of Al ions for H+ or in maintaining homeostasis of H+ in the cytoplasm. Specific and varietal variation of tolerance to acidity in 731 wheat and 736 barley cultivars were examined. Effect of the acid rain on some physiological properties such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal diffusive resistance and transpiration rate of several woody plants were investigated. In the subject (4), it was found that the lime treatment to acidified soil depressed the release of heavy metals.