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An archaeological study of Okhotsk culture from a standpoint of dwelling form and settlemental structure

从民居形式和聚落结构角度对鄂霍次克文化进行考古研究

基本信息

批准号：
11410106
负责人：
UTAGAWA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 9.28万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11410106/
关键词：
Tokoro chashi site Okhotsk Locality Okhotsk culture Burnt house Bone mound of bear Moyoro shell-mound 骨塚木製品写真測量トータルステーションシステム

项目摘要

It is the "Okhotsk culture" prospered at Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Kuril Isl. is called a part of "Ancient culture of circum Okhotsk sea" that the period was ca. from 6 to 10 century. And it is an established theory that the Okhotsk culture's origin was from Sakhalin and Siberia. For the northern archaeological study, we excavated the pit-dwellings of Okhotsk culture at the site of Tokoro-chashi site Okhotsk locality in Tokoro town, northeastern part of Hokkaido. The pit-dwellings were named Nos. 7〜9. Those pit-dwellings were burnt house, and so a lots of wooden artifacts were remained. Such as archaeological wooden remains are very rare case, for example large plates, traies, vessels made of bark, a ladle, spoons, spatulas and a comb and so on. And these wooden remains are resemble the daily tools of northern peoples called so-called the minority ethnic groups, especially the Nivkh (old name Giryaks) dwelling northern Sakhalin and the mouth of Amur river. We found a small cross metal made of blonze from Jurchen culture in Siberia. This type is first discovery in Hokkaido. Another consequence is that such as a bear ceremonialism of Aynu was existed in the Okhotsk culture. The bone mound of bear in the sacred comer of pit-dwellings of Okhotsk culture are recognized in this site. Especially in the No.7 pit-dwelling, the skulls of bear counted about one hundred. The number is about twofold as compared with the bone mound of another site. The grave pits were discovered the near area of pit-dwellings in this site. And we gained a new perspective of the dwelling form in Okhotsk culture.This project and study will be continued in this site, and we are now excavating the grave pits and the pit-dwelling of Okhotsk culture at Moyoro shell-mound in Abashiri city near Tokoro town. As a result of these excavations, we will be able to elucidate the problems of the dwelling form and settlemental structure.

这就是盛行于库页岛、北海道、千岛群岛的“鄂霍次克文化”。被称为“环鄂霍次克海古代文化”的一部分，其时期约为。从6世纪到10世纪。鄂霍次克文化起源于库页岛和西伯利亚已是公认的理论。作为北方考古研究，我们在北海道东北部常吕町鄂霍次克地区常吕茶子遗址发掘了鄂霍次克文化的坑式住宅。坑屋被命名为7〜9号。这些坑居是被烧毁的房屋，所以留下了大量的木制品。如考古中的木制遗骸非常罕见，例如大盘子、托盘、树皮制成的器皿、勺子、勺子、抹刀和梳子等。这些木制遗骸类似于北方民族，即所谓的少数民族，特别是居住在萨哈林岛北部和阿穆尔河河口的尼夫赫人（旧称吉里亚克人）的日常工具。我们发现了西伯利亚女真文化中用青铜制成的小十字金属。这种类型是北海道首次发现的。另一个结果是，鄂霍次克文化中存在着阿伊努熊等仪式。鄂霍次克文化坑居圣角中的熊骨堆在该遗址得到认可。尤其是在七号坑中，熊的头骨约有一百个。数量大约是其他地点骨堆的两倍。墓坑是在该遗址坑民居附近发现的。我们对鄂霍次克文化的民居形式有了新的认识。该项目和研究将在该遗址继续进行，目前我们正在常吕町附近的网走市莫约罗贝冢挖掘鄂霍次克文化的墓坑和坑居。通过这些发掘，我们将能够阐明居住形式和聚落结构的问题。