EDUCATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE MIGRATION STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLUTONIUM

环境钚迁移研究分析方法的教学

• 批准号: 11450198
• 负责人: KUDO Akira
• 金额: $ 9.41万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11450198/
• 关键词: PLUTONIUM; ENVIRONMENT; ANALYSIS; EDUCATION; PLUTHERMAL; TRAINING; 環境試料; 前処理; アルファ線スペクトロメトリー; 電着法; 分離精製

An artificial single dose contaminant was released at Nagasaki, Japan on August 9,1945 detonating Plutonium (10-15kg) atomic bomb. A portion, 1.2 kg of 239Pu was fissioned releasing 21 kt TNT energy along with various fission products. The rest of the unexpended fissile material, 239+240Pu, 13.8 kg (3.49 x 10^<13> Bq), was dispersed into the atmosphere along with a fission product, 137Cs, 23.4 g (7.44 x 10^<13>Bq). The fate of 239+240Pu and 137Cs was investigated by analysing both local and global fallout. The highest concentration of 239+240Pu was 64.5 mBq/g (181 mBq/cm2) while it was 188 mBq/g (526 mBq/cm2) for 137Cs both at 2.8 km east from the hypocentre. The total amount of deposition in the local fallout region of 264 km2 was 37.5 g (9.48 x 10^<10>Bq) for 239+240Pu and 3.14 mg (5.88 x 10^<10>Bq) for 137Cs. The ratio of the local fallout against the total amount of the radionuclides released was 0.27% for 239+240Pu and 0.134% for 137Cs. Recent advancements in analytical technology made it possible for artificial radionuclides released from the Nagasaki explosion to be detected in the Arctic ice core layer of 1945. The 239+240Pu and the 137Cs, were measured by collecting 10 ice cores on the Agassiz ice cap, Ellesmere Island, Canada. The deposition was 0.16 μBq/cm2 for 239+240Pu and 20 μBq/cm2 for 137Cs. During the atmospheric testing, the deposition of 239+240Pu and 137Cs varied more than 100 times with the highest peaks of over 50 μBq/cm2 for 239+240Pu and over 800 μBq/cm2 for 137Cs both occurred in 1962. Analyzing Arctic data, there are many new information for long global transport, the history of nuclear weapons development etc.

1945 年 8 月 9 日，日本长崎释放了一种人造单剂量污染物，引爆了钚（10-15 公斤）原子弹。一部分 1.2 千克 239Pu 发生裂变，释放出 21 kt TNT 能量以及各种裂变产物。剩余的未爆炸裂变材料239+240Pu，13.8kg(3.49×10^13Bq)与裂变产物137Cs，23.4g(7.44×10^13Bq)一起散布到大气中。通过分析局部和全球沉降物，研究了 239+240Pu 和 137Cs 的命运。 239+240Pu 的最高浓度为 64.5 mBq/g (181 mBq/cm2)，137C 的最高浓度为 188 mBq/g (526 mBq/cm2)，均位于震源以东 2.8 km 处。在264km2的局部沉降区域中，239+240Pu的沉积总量为37.5g(9.48×10^10Bq)，137Cs的沉积总量为3.14mg(5.88×10^10Bq)。局部沉降物与释放的放射性核素总量的比率，239+240Pu 为 0.27%，137Cs 为 0.134%。分析技术的最新进步使得在 1945 年的北极冰芯层中检测到长崎爆炸释放的人造放射性核素成为可能。239+240Pu 和 137Cs 是通过收集加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛阿加西冰盖上的 10 个冰芯来测量的。 239+240Pu 的沉积量为 0.16 μBq/cm2，137Cs 的沉积量为 20 μBq/cm2。在大气测试过程中，239+240Pu和137Cs的沉积变化了100多次，其中239+240Pu超过50μBq/cm2的最高峰和137Cs超过800μBq/cm2的最高峰均出现在1962年。通过分析北极数据，可以得到许多关于长期全球运输、核武器发展历史等新信息。

项目成果

T.Sasaki, T.Kubota, S.Mito, T.Kauri, A.Kudo: "Radionuclides Sorption to a Mixture of Anaerobic Bacteria in the Repository Environment"Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. (印刷中). (2002)

T.Sasaki、T.Kubota、S.Mito、T.Kauri、A.Kudo：“储存环境中厌氧细菌混合物的放射性核素吸附”核科学与技术杂志（2002 年出版）。

KUDO, A.: "BEHAVIOUR OF PLUTONIUM AT THE SURFACE AND IN GEOLOGIC ENVORNMENT"J. OF RADIOCHEMICA ACTA. 82. 159-166 (1998)

KUDO, A.：“钚在地表和地质环境中的行为”J。

A.Kudo,Y.Mahara, et al.: "Global Transport of Plutonium from Nagasaki to the Arctic-Review of Nagasaki Pu Investigation and Future"PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT, Proc. of 2nd Interna. Symposium. vol.1. 233-250 (2000)

A.Kudo，Y.Mahara，等人：“从长崎到北极的钚全球运输-长崎钚调查和未来的回顾”PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT，Proc。

T.Sasaki,J.Zheng,H.Asano and A.Kudo: "Interaction of Pu, Np and Pa with Anaerobic Microorganisms at Geologic Repositories"PLUTONIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT, Proc. of 2nd Interna. Symposium. vol.1. 221-232 (2000)

T.Sasaki、J.Zheng、H.Asano 和 A.Kudo：“Pu、Np 和 Pa 与地质处置库中厌氧微生物的相互作用”环境中的钚，Proc。

A.Kudo, et al.: "Behaviour of Plutonium at the Surface and in Geologic environment"J. OF RADIOCHEMICA ACTA. 82. 159-166 (1998)

A.Kudo 等人：“钚在地表和地质环境中的行为”J。