HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RAPID CLIMETE CHANGE IN CANADIAN ICE CAPS : RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

加拿大冰盖环境快速气候变化的历史：核爆炸与火山喷发之间的关系。

• 批准号: 09044164
• 负责人: KUDO Akira
• 金额: $ 16.7万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09044164/
• 关键词: ARCTIC ICE CORE; PLUTONIUM; CAESIUM; GROBAL TRANSPORT; HAZARDORUOUS COMPOUNDS; ERUPTION; NUCLEAR TEST; ICP-MS; アルミニウム; 鉄; マグネシウム; カルシウム; カリウム; ナトリウム; アイスコア; 北極; 火山灰; 気候変動

The scientific aspect of the Nagasaki A-bomb was investigated and many interesting facts were revealed as follows : (1)The amount of Nagasaki ィイD1239+240ィエD1 Pu and ィイD1137ィエD1 Cs released was 13.8 kg and 23.4 g, respectively. (2)The local fallout in the city of Nagasaki was 37.5 g (or 9.48×10ィイD110ィエD1 Bq) for ィイD1239+240ィエD1 Pu and 3.14 mg (or 5.88×1010 Bq) for ィイD1137ィエD1Cs. (3)The mass balance of Nagasaki Pu was 1.2 kg for the fission reaction and 37.5 g for the local fallout and the rest was dispersed as the global fallout. (4)There was a clear difference in the amount of local fallout between ィイD1239+240ィエD1Pu and ィイD1137ィエD1Cs. The mechanism of the release of radionuclides to the environment may have caused the difference. (5)The deposition rate of ィイD1239+240ィエD1Pu and ィイD1137ィエD1Cs derived from Nagasaki at Agassiz ice cap, Canada was 0.16 μBq/cmィイD12ィエD1 for ィイD1239+240ィエD1Pu and 20 μBq/cmィイD12ィエD1 for ィイD1137ィエD1Cs. (6)The transport rate of ィイD1239+240ィエD1Pu and ィイD1137ィエD1Cs was widely different. The reason of this difference might be explained by the production process of ィイD1137ィエD1Cs. (7)Assuming there was a consistency in climate for the next 10,000 years, the chronological anthropogenic deposits, mainly of ィイD1239+240ィエD1Pu, could be detected in the ice layer between 97-98 m from the snow surface in 11,999 AD on the Agassiz ice cap. Even if there were no improvements in the radioactive analytical method used, the ice layers for the 1945-1980 period could still be easily identified with the present analytical technology. Hopefully this study will find a way to use our generation's artifacts for the benefit of our future descendants. ]

对长崎原子弹的科学方面进行了调查，揭示了许多有趣的事实，如下：(1)长崎的γ γ γ γ - 1239+240 γ γ - D1 Pu和γ γ - 1137 γ - D1 Cs的释放量分别为13.8 kg和23.4 g。(2)长崎市的局部放射性尘降物对γ γ γ γ γ γ +240 γ γ γ γ的影响为37.5 g（或9.48×10 γ γ γ γ γ γ），对γ γ γ γ的影响为3.14 mg（或5.88×1010 γ γ）。(3)长崎钚的裂变反应质量平衡为1.2 kg，局部沉降物质量平衡为37.5 g，其余作为整体沉降物分散。(4)在局部沉降量方面，φ 1239+240 φ 1pu与φ 1137 φ 1cs存在明显差异。放射性核素向环境释放的机制可能造成了这种差异。(5)在加拿大Agassiz冰冠上，长asaki地区的γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ。(6) φ φ D1239+ φ φ D1Pu与φ φ D1137 φ D1Cs的转运速率差异较大。造成这种差异的原因可能是由于。(7)假设未来1万年的气候具有一致性，在11999年阿加西冰冠距雪面97 ~ 98 m的冰层中可以探测到年代人为沉积，主要为γ - 1239+240 γ - D1Pu。即使放射性分析方法没有改进，用现有的分析技术仍然可以很容易地识别1945 ~ 1980年期间的冰层。希望这项研究能找到一种方法，利用我们这一代的文物，为我们未来的后代造福。］

项目成果

Yamada,R.,Tao,G.,Zheng,J.,Fujikawa,Y.,Fisher,D.,Kojima,R.and Kudo,A.: "The relationship between δ 2H and δ 18O in polar ice cores and its application in predicting precipitation pattern and verifying global water circulation model." 環境技術. (印刷中). (1999)

Yamada, R.、Tao, G.、Zheng, J.、Fujikawa, Y.、Fisher, D.、Kojima, R. 和 Kudo, A.：“极地冰芯中 δ 2H 和 δ 18O 之间的关系及其“在预测降水模式和验证全球水循环模型中的应用。”（出版中）。

A.Kudo: "Global Transport Rates of 137Cs and 239+240Pu Originating from the Nagasaki A-bomb in 1945 as Determined from Analvsis of Canadia Arctic Ice Cores" J.Environmental Radioactivity. (in press). (1998)

A.Kudo：“根据加拿大北极冰芯分析确定的 1945 年长崎原子弹产生的 137Cs 和 239 240Pu 的全球迁移率”J.Environmental Radioactivity。

KUDO, A., ET AL.: "BEHAVIOUR OF PLUTONIUM AT THE SURFACE AND IN GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT"RADIOCHIMICA ACTA. 82. 159-166 (1998)

KUDO, A., 等人：“钚在地表和地质环境中的行为”《放射化学学报》。

Kudo,A.: "Behaviour of Plutonium at the Surface and in Geologic Environment" Radiochimica Acta. (印刷中). (1999)

Kudo, A.：“钚在地表和地质环境中的行为”《放射化学学报》（出版中）。

Kudo,A.,et al.: "Global Transport Rates of ^<137>Cs and ^<239+2+0>Pu Originating from Nagasaki A-bomb in 1945 as Determined from Analysis of Canadian Arctic Ice Cores" J.Environmental Radioactivity. 40. 289-298 (1998)

Kudo,A.,et al.：“根据对加拿大北极冰芯的分析确定的源自 1945 年长崎原子弹的 ^<137>Cs 和 ^<239 2 0>Pu 的全球传输率”J.Environmental Radioactivity。