CLARIFICATION OF HISTORY AND PREDICTION OF GLOBAL POLLUTION BY ULTRATRACE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ARCTIC ICE CORES-EFFECT OF NATURAL AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES

通过北极冰芯超痕量元素分析澄清历史并预测全球污染——自然和人类活动的影响

• 批准号: 08458147
• 负责人: KUDO Akira
• 金额: $ 4.54万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08458147/
• 关键词: ICE CORE; PLUTONIUM; CESIUM-137; FALLOUT; ARCTIC; 北極アイスコア; 放射性セシウム; 微量分析

Recent advancements in analytical technology made it possible for artificial radionuclides released from nuclear explosions to be detected in Arctic ice cores. We measured fission product ^<137>Cs, and unexpended fission material ^<239+240>Pu, from the Nagasaki A-bomb in 1945, in 10 ice cores collected on Agassiz ice cap, Ellesmere Island, Canada (80.7 ^ON degree). Assuming the radionuclides, excluding the amount fissioned from the explosion and deposited as local fallout, are deposited evenly throughout the northern hemisphere, expected percent that reached the Arctic was 67% for ^<137>Cs and 1.1% for ^<239+240>Pu. The results suggest that different global atmospheric transport mechanisms exist for various contaminants, including volcanic ash that induces global climate change.

分析技术的最新进展使得在北极冰芯中检测到核爆炸释放的人造放射性核素成为可能。我们在加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛 Agassiz 冰盖上收集的 10 个冰芯中测量了 1945 年长崎原子弹产生的裂变产物 ^<137>Cs 和未爆炸裂变材料 ^<239+240>Pu（80.7 ^ON 度）。假设放射性核素（不包括爆炸裂变并作为局部沉降物沉积的量）均匀地沉积在整个北半球，预计到达北极的^<137>Cs百分比为67%，^<239+240>Pu为1.1%。结果表明，各种污染物存在不同的全球大气传输机制，包括引起全球气候变化的火山灰。

项目成果

Kudu,A.et al.: "Deposition rates of plutonium and fission product at the Agassiz ice cap on Ellesmere island,Canada" Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic,Trosmo,Norway. (印刷中). (1997)

Kudu, A. 等人：“加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛阿加西冰盖的钚和裂变产物的沉积率”，挪威特罗莫第三届国际环境放射性会议论文集（正在出版）。 ）

Kudo, A.et al.: "Fate of Nagasaki ^<239+240>Pu and Interaction of ^<239>Pu and ^<237>Np with Bentonite and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria" Proc.of International Workshop on Comparative Evaluation of Health Effects of Environmental Toxicants Derived from Advanc

Kudo, A.等人：“长崎^<239 240>Pu的命运以及^<239>Pu和^<237>Np与膨润土和硫酸盐还原菌的相互作用”Proc.of International Workshop on Comparison Assessment of Health Effects

A.Kudo: "Deposition Rates of ^<239+240>Pu and a Fission Product ^<137>Cs at the Agassiz Ice Cap on Ellesmere Island,Canada-Possible Mechanisms of Global Distribution." Proc.AMAP International Conference on Environmental Radioactivity in the Arctic.110-112

A.Kudo：“加拿大埃尔斯米尔岛 Agassiz 冰盖上 ^<239 240>Pu 和裂变产物 ^<137>Cs 的沉积速率——全球分布的可能机制。”

A.Kudo: "Global Transport Rates of ^<137>Cs and ^<239+240>PU Originating from the Nagasaki Abomb in 1945 as Determined from Analysis of Canadian Arctic Ice Cores" J.Environmental Radioactivity. (in press). (1998)

A.Kudo：“根据对加拿大北极冰芯的分析确定的源自 1945 年长崎原子弹的 ^<137>Cs 和 ^<239 240>PU 的全球传输率”J.Environmental Radioactivity。

A.Kudo: "Electrical Conductivity Measurements on Ice Cores from Canadian Arctic:An Analysis of Signal Variation within and between Ice Cores(in press)." Tellus. (in press). (1998)

A.Kudo：“加拿大北极冰芯的电导率测量：冰芯内部和冰芯之间信号变化的分析（正在印刷中）”。