Study on Mechanism and Prevention of Thermal Discomfort Caused by Cold Outdoor Air through Supply Opening on the Wall (In the Case of Residence with various kind of Heating System)

这项研究从1999年一直进行到2000年。取得的结果如下：（1）问卷调查在关东、东北和北海道地区的86栋住宅楼进行了问卷调查。在东北和北海道地区，超过一半的住宅建筑存在由于室外空气导致的冷风问题，其中约30%的住宅有时会关闭其进气口。(2)对3栋安装机械排风系统的住宅楼进行了气密性、换气次数、气流组织和进风口附近温度分布的现场测试。在两个住宅中发现了冷空气渗透。(3)进气口的调查对日本国内外使用的各种进气口进行了调查和分类。在标准型小型风洞上对9种进气道进行了性能试验。记录了入口机制的信息。(4)真实的比例试验 关于我们 在环境舱中进行了真实的缩比试验。结果表明：（1）送风口气流方向对标准化垂直温差有影响。最高值是观察到的水平流与最大的垂直温差。沿“垂直向上倾斜”、“径向向外平行于壁面”、“径向向外倾斜于壁面”、“水平向外倾斜于壁面”、“径向向外倾斜于壁面”、“径向向外倾斜于壁面”等流动方向，(2)标准化的垂直温差进行了检查，在不同的开放位置。当进风口安装在窗户上方、墙体上部、中部、下部时，进风口与墙体之间的温差减小。(3)送风风速对垂直温差的影响不显著。(5)数值分析采用全尺寸房间作为数值模型几何形状。数值模拟采用标准k-ε模型。将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较，并对计算精度进行了讨论.此外，从换气效率和热舒适性的角度，对气流方向进行了探讨。少

The research had been carried out since 1999 until 2000. The results obtained are as follows :(1) Questionnaire surveys The questionnaire survey of 86 residential buildings in the Kanto, Tohoku and Hokkaido district was carried out. More than half of residential buildings in the Tohoku and Hokkaido district have a problem of cold draft due to outdoor air, and then about 30% of them the occupant sometimes close their air inlets.(2) Field measurement in residential buildings In three residential buildings what installed mechanical exhaust system, measurement of air tightness, air exchange rate, air distribution and temperature distribution near inlet were carried out. Cold air infiltration was found in two residences.(3) Investigation on the air inlet Various inlets used inside and outside Japan were investigated and classified. Performance test of nine inlets were examined by using standard type small size wind tunnel. Information of inlet mechanism was documented.(4) Real scale experim … More ent using environmental chamber A real scale experiment in environmental chamber was carried out. The results are as follows, (1) The standardized vertical temperature difference is affected by the airflow directions from the supply opening. The highest value is observed for horizontal flow with maximum vertical temperature difference. The value increases in the flow directions of "vertical upward with an angle", "radial outward parallel to wall", "radial outward with an angle from wall", "horizontal outward from wall", sequently. (2) The standardized vertical temperature difference was examined in terms of various opening positions. The value of the difference decrease in the case of inlet installed above the window, in the upper, in the middle, in the lower of the wall sequently. (3) The influence of supply air velocity on vertical temperature difference was not significant.(5) Numerical analysis A full size room was adopted as the numerical model geometry. The standard k-ε model was used for the numerical simulation. Numerical result was compared with experiment, and accuracy was discussed. Furthermore, from the view points of air exchange efficiency and thermal comfort, air flow direction was also discussed. Less